Flap

In surgery, a flap is a strip of tissue that is cut off from the underlying structures, but continues to remain attached to them at one end (while maintaining the supplying vessels and nerves), so that blood and nerve impulses continue to flow into it through the remaining pedicle. This flap is then used to correct defects in some other part of the body. The free end of the flap is sewn to the area to be restored, and after three weeks, when the flap takes root in a new place, its other end is separated and also sewn on this new area to be restored.

Flaps are commonly used during plastic surgery to treat patients with significant loss of skin and tissue following mutilation (eg, mastectomy), burns, and trauma when the affected tissue is not amenable to repair with skin grafting. Skin flaps can also be used to cover the remaining bony end of an amputated limb.

In dentistry, a flap is a piece of mucosa and periosteum attached to a wide base. It is lifted and retracted to expose the underlying bone for procedures such as tooth extraction. These tissues are then returned to their original place.

Title: "Flaps in Medicine: Use in Surgery and Dentistry"

A flap is a piece of tissue or organ that has been cut from the body but is still attached to other tissues. In medicine, flaps are widely used to correct various defects.

In surgery, flaps are used to treat diseases associated with loss of skin or tissue. They can be used to close bone defects, suture wounds, restore surfaces, remove tumors, etc.

Surgical flaps can be divided into two types: perforated and non-perforated. Perforated flaps are those that have perforations or holes in the tissue, allowing blood and nutrients to enter

A flap is a part of any biological tissue (shell, capsule, wall, vessel, muscle) or organ that has a certain shape and size and is isolated for use in practical medicine.

1. Most often for operations, flapping of the walls of the liver capsule is used. The use of a flap of the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity allows to minimize inflammatory complications due to division into 3 parts, each of which will have its own blood flow, helping to delimit the source of inflammation from healthy tissue, thereby facilitating the healing of the surgical wound in a time period of at least 2 times less than that ordinary patients. In addition, in patients with severe fatty decompensated hyliperonemia, the volume of tissue to be transplanted is minimal (approximately 800 ml of fat/kg of weight). That is, large sections of the liver during surgery can be treated using standard techniques without the likelihood of further revascularization of the areas obtained after fat cytolysis. The flap of the anterior abdominal wall significantly limits the possibilities of plastic material; due to the tissue’s own vessels, the intestine and serous membrane of the esophagus are continuously formed, which requires at least 3 weeks for the formation of a new serous layer on the non-flap and even further weeks for the formation and tightening of the muscular layer. When stitched with healthy walls, it is possible to isolate the surface of the skin, which forms a scar with oblique angles of layering, which, after removing the plaster bed, will in any case turn out worse than the norm. In Figure a) the edge seams obtained as a result of stitching the flaps together without tension are visible; b) scar tissue in the suture area and the surrounding area of ​​the old scar: the sutures where the sutures have cut through are visible. To summarize, we can say that anterior abdominal wall flaps are rarely popular in plastic surgery, as they require slightly more time than is acceptable in a typical operation. Nevertheless, a positive result is possible; you just need to clarify the condition of the skin on the receding scar. 2. A flap is also a part or layer of epithelial tissue or mucosa covering part of an organ or the wall of a hollow organ (endometrium, bladder, larynx, trachea, pleura, muscular membrane. Oral mucosa. Skin lining; vagina (colpoperitoneovaginoscopy); oral cavity) .

A flap, called a flap, is a strip of tissue that is cut from the base and then fixed in a new location to correct the defect. This technique is often used in plastic surgery, where flaps are used to reconstruct skin and tissue.

Flaps are usually used in cases where skin grafts cannot repair the affected areas. In addition, flaps can be used to cover the remaining ends of amputated limbs.

During surgery, the flap is raised to provide access to the damaged area. In this case, a clear boundary is established between damaged and undamaged tissue. Blood vessels remain at the edge of the flap, providing nutrition to the tissue.