Organophosphorus Substances (Thio Phos, Chlorophos, Karbofos, Dichlorvos, etc.)

Organophosphorus substances (OPS), such as thiophos, chlorophos, karbofos, dichlorvos and others, are widely used insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. However, these substances can pose a danger to the life and health of humans and animals if used incorrectly.

OPAs have selective psychotropic and neurotoxic effects, which can lead to severe poisoning and even death. These substances can enter the body through the stomach, respiratory tract and skin.

OPA poisoning goes through several stages. At the first stage of poisoning, psychomotor agitation, miosis, chest tightness, shortness of breath, moist rales in the lungs, sweating and increased blood pressure are observed.

At the second stage, isolated or generalized myofibrillations, clonic-tonic convulsions, choreic hyperkinesis, chest rigidity, and respiratory failure due to increasing bronchorrhea predominate. Bradycardia, painful tenesmus, involuntary defecation, loose stools and frequent urination are also observed.

At the third stage of poisoning, a coma is observed, increasing weakness of the respiratory movements of the chest until breathing stops completely, then paralysis of the muscles of the limbs, a drop in blood pressure, disorders of the heart rhythm and conductivity. The lethal dose of karbofos or chlorophos when ingested is about 5 grams.

Treatment of OPV poisoning should be immediate and effective. This includes gastric lavage (repeated), fatty laxatives (for example, petroleum jelly), activated charcoal and siphon enemas. Forced diuresis is also performed. In case of severe stage III poisoning, a decrease in cholinesterase activity below 50% of normal and the detection of toxic concentrations of FOV in the blood, surgical methods of artificial detoxification of the body may be required, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemosorption or hemofiltration.

To treat FOV poisoning, atropine is also used intravenously for 2-4 days. The therapeutic dose of atropine in stage I of poisoning is 2-3 mg (up to 4-6 mg per day), in stage II - 20-25 mg (up to 30-50 mg per day), in stage III - 30-40 mg (up to 120-150 mg per day). Atropine blocks the effects of FOV on cholinesterase and reduces the symptoms of poisoning.

It is important to remember that incorrect use of FOV can lead to serious consequences. When using insecticides, acaricides and fungicides, you must follow all precautions specified in the instructions for the drug and do not exceed the dosage. If you suspect OPA poisoning, seek medical attention immediately.