Proteins, Nitrogen Metabolism, Proteins (Gr. Protos - First)

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PROTEINS, NITROGEN METABOLISM, PROTEINS (Gr. Protos - First)

Proteins (proteins) are biological polymers synthesized by living cells. Being products of the vital activity of living organisms, proteins ensure their existence, development, maturation and reproduction.

Proteins participate in the formation of various structures of the body and perform transport and protective functions. They regulate all life processes, ensure muscle contraction and movement. Many enzymes, hormones and antibodies are also proteins.

Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds into linear polymers. The uniqueness of proteins is determined by the sequence of amino acids. The slightest changes in this sequence lead to significant changes in the properties of the protein.

The formation of proteins is a complex process controlled by nucleic acids and enzymes. Proteins have species, tissue and individual specificity and can trigger an immune response.

Nitrogen metabolism is the exchange of proteins and amino acids in the body. It includes the breakdown of proteins in the digestive tract, the absorption of amino acids, the synthesis of the body's own proteins and the excretion of end products of nitrogen metabolism.

Disorders of nitrogen metabolism may be associated with insufficient intake or absorption of proteins, increased breakdown of tissue proteins, malabsorption syndrome, and loss of proteins in diseases. This leads to protein deficiency, which is characterized by the breakdown of the body’s own proteins, hypoproteinemia, and negative nitrogen balance.