Aortic aneurysm Dissecting

Aortic aneurysm Dissecting: causes, symptoms and treatment

Aortic aneurysm dissection (AD) is a dangerous disease in which the inner lining of the aorta ruptures, accompanied by dissection of the vascular wall with blood. RA can cause instant death, so it is important to know the causes, symptoms and treatments for this disease.

Etiology of RA

Dissecting aortic aneurysm often occurs in elderly men with a history of atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension, less often in syphilitic aortitis. Marfan syndrome and congenital aortic valve defects are also risk factors for aortic dissection.

Pathogenesis of RA

In the initial period of dissection of an aortic aneurysm, a tear occurs in the inner and sometimes its middle membrane while maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane of the aorta. Subsequently, the blood penetrating under high pressure dissects the entire wall of the aorta and breaks through the outer membrane, which leads to the instant death of the patient from massive internal bleeding.

In other cases, dissection spreads more often in the distal direction, less often in the proximal direction, which leads to hemopericardium, aortic valve rupture, severe aortic insufficiency, and occlusion of the coronary arteries. Dissection may result in re-rupture of the inner lining of the aorta below the site of initial dissection, but such successful cases of self-healing are extremely rare.

Symptoms and course of RA

The disease begins acutely and the pace of development is rapid. The main symptom is severe chest pain, often tearing or cutting in nature. The pain can be localized in the left half of the chest or in the interscapular space, radiates to the back and often spreads to the epigastric region. The patient is agitated, rushing about, unable to find any place for pain.

After the first attack, short-term relief may occur, followed by a new attack of the same pain. The alternation of painful attacks and light intervals is due to the fact that dissection of the aortic wall sometimes occurs in several stages. In addition, the involvement of new areas of the aortic wall in the process of dissection may change the place of greatest severity of pain migration of pain from the site of the initial tear of the aorta along the course of dissection is a characteristic sign of this pathology.

After an initial attack of chest pain, it can subsequently be localized mainly in the abdomen and lower back, which should be taken into account when diagnosing. Often, immediately following the pain, a picture of severe collapse develops with a drop in blood pressure, threadlike pulse, and peripheral manifestations of vascular insufficiency It is almost never possible to bring a patient out of collapse. In other cases, the first painful attack is accompanied by a sharp increase in blood pressure.

Due to impaired blood flow in the arteries extending from the aorta, significant asymmetry of pressure in the right and left arms may occur (ischemia of the limbs sometimes makes it impossible to determine blood pressure in one or both arms), symptoms of cerebrovascular accident (paraparesis, paraplegia), myocardial infarction, and frequent episodes of loss of consciousness .

Diagnosis of RA

To diagnose RA, various examination methods are used, including echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. When determining the diagnosis of RA, it is important to take into account not only clinical symptoms, but also data from instrumental examination methods.

Treatment of RA

Treatment of RA can be conservative or surgical. Conservative treatment is aimed at reducing blood pressure, eliminating pain, and preventing complications. Surgical treatment may include replacement of the affected area of ​​the aorta, reconstruction of the vessel wall, and endovascular correction.

In general, RA is a dangerous disease that requires rapid diagnosis and timely treatment. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor if characteristic symptoms appear and undergo regular examinations to identify possible disorders in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

**Aortic Aneurysm Dissection** is a devastating disease that is often asymptomatic and can lead to serious complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction and death.

Aortic dissection occurs when the inner lining of the aorta suddenly separates into two or more parts. The process usually occurs in the area where there is thickening or dilatation of the vessel due to inflammation or injury, as well as in the area of ​​passage through the intercostal spaces. Advanced dissection leads to the death of areas of the myocardium supplied by the affected part of the aorta, which can cause life-threatening complications. **Aortic aneurysms are divided into:** - infectious, provoked by bacterial flora - parasitic, caused by roundworms - traumatic - atherosclerotic