Glasgow Scoring System, Glasgow Coma Scale

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The Glasgow scoring system is one of the most commonly used systems for assessing the condition of patients after severe trauma. This system evaluates the patient's level of consciousness based on three parameters: eye opening, motor responses, and verbal ability. Each parameter is rated on a scale from 3 to 15 points, where 3 means minimal consciousness,

The Glasgow scoring system is a scale developed in 1974 by Ray Glasgow to assess the state of consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury. It got its name from the name of the author, who used it in his work with patients admitted to the hospital after blows and other head injuries. The system was created as an alternative to a more subjective assessment of the state of the brain using criteria such as body position, complexion, etc.

The scale contains five parameters that characterize the patient’s conscious state. These are: * eye opening: from 1 to 4 points; * motor reaction: from 3 to 6 points; * verbal answer: from 4 to 5 points. Each score corresponds to a specific level of brain functioning. The score is made by assessing each of these parameters and then summing up the overall score.

The first item on the scale (eye opening) assesses the patient's ability to open the eyes and focus. In this case, it is necessary to take into account what eye movements are possible: for example, if the patient can only squint, then the score is reduced from 3 points to 2. Thus, when opening the eyes, it is given from 1 point, if it is not possible to open the eyes at all, to 3 points, if the patient does it relatively easily. The second parameter of the scale (motor response) assesses the ability to move the patient’s limbs and head. The assessment of this item focuses on the ability to hold the head up. If the patient raises his head with his neck thrown back, the score increases by one point.