Gout I (Gout)

Gout is a disease associated with impaired metabolism of uric acid in the body. As a result of excess uric acid and its salts (urates), they accumulate in the blood and are deposited in the joints. This leads to the development of acute gouty arthritis, chronic joint damage and deposition of urates (gout nodes) in the skin and cartilage, especially in the ears.

Excess urate in the body also leads to kidney damage, in which stones can form. To treat gout, medications are used that increase the excretion of urate from the body, or allopurinol, which slows down its formation. This allows you to stop the development of the disease.

Thus, gout is a disease associated with impaired metabolism of uric acid and the deposition of its salts in tissues. It leads to damage to the joints and kidneys. Treatment is aimed at normalizing uric acid metabolism and removing its excess from the body.

Gout is a chronic disease caused by metabolic disorders, in particular, the accumulation of high concentrations of uric acid in patients. This disease occurs much less frequently in women than in men. Most often, patients are treated by a rheumatologist, but in parallel they may need to consult a nephrologist. Gout is a form of purine metabolism disorder. The disease is hereditary, and in 75% of cases it is transmitted from one parent to a child. An acute attack of gout can happen to any person, even once, but most often it does not affect the body and passes quickly. An increased concentration of uric acid is a factor in the development of cataracts, coarctation of the aorta and urolithiasis, as well as peripheral vascular disease, however, with gout these processes have a favorable course.

Gout is one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and is accompanied by a violation of the metabolism of purines in the body. It is characterized by the occurrence of an acute attack, which is characterized by severe pain in the joint, redness of the skin, and sometimes increased body temperature.

The cause of the development of the disease is a violation of the metabolism of purine nucleotides, caused by hereditary factors, age-related changes, poor nutrition (for example, alcohol abuse) and inflammatory diseases of the joint. In general, hyperuricemia develops in gout.

**Gouty arthritis** (synonym - gout) is a disease characterized by chronic accumulation of urate crystals in the tissues. Most often, the joints of the lower extremities are affected, less often - the upper girdle, small joints of the hand (wrist, metacarpophalangeal). The disease is a component of urate (urinary) nephropathy, leading to gouty kidney disease. The chronic articular form is often combined with symptoms of chronic gastritis, pancreatitis, intestinal inflammation, and decreased tolerance to foods containing purines. The prevalence of gout is 1 case in every 300 people.

Gout is usually associated with hereditary and metabolic factors. Atrophy of the production of the abnormal urokinase gene, which is involved in purine metabolism, leads to an increase in uric acid as a substrate for the formation of salts and crystals. Disturbances in the metabolism of uric acid reduce its utility

Gout I (Gout): Metabolic disease and its treatment

Gout I, also known as gouty arthritis, is a disease associated with impaired metabolism of uric acid in the body. This condition results in excess uric acid and its salts, known as urates, which accumulate in the bloodstream and are deposited in the joints. Gout I is characterized by attacks of acute gouty arthritis, destruction of joints and the formation of gouty nodes (tophi) in the skin and cartilage, especially in the ears. In addition, excess urate can damage the kidneys and cause the formation of stones in them.

Gout I usually presents with attacks of acute arthritis that result from inflammation in the joints. Attacks of gouty arthritis usually begin with the sudden onset of intense pain in a joint, most often the big toe. The joint becomes red, swollen and extremely painful to the touch. The duration of the attack can vary from several days to several weeks, after which the symptoms usually subside. However, if the disease is left untreated, it can progress and cause chronic joint destruction and the formation of gouty nodes.

Treatment of gout I includes several approaches. First of all, drug therapy is aimed at managing symptoms and preventing attacks of gouty arthritis. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine are used for this. NSAIDs help reduce inflammation and relieve pain, while colchicine aims to reduce the inflammatory response in the joints.

In addition, to treat gout I, medications are used that affect the level of uric acid in the body. These drugs can either increase the excretion of urate from the body or slow down its formation. Medicines that help eliminate uric acid include uricosuric drugs, which stimulate the excretion of urate through the kidneys. Allopurinol is an example of a drug that slows down the formation of urate by blocking the activity of the enzyme responsible for converting xanthines to urate.

An important aspect of gout treatment is taking into account lifestyle changes. It is recommended to avoid excessive consumption of alcohol, especially beer, as this can increase uric acid levels in the body. You should also limit your intake of purines, which are found in certain foods such as organ meats, seafood and some types of fish. Maintaining a healthy weight and regular physical activity can also help control gout.

In conclusion, gout I is a metabolic disease associated with excess uric acid and its deposition in the joints and other tissues of the body. Treatment includes the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve the symptoms of gouty arthritis, as well as drugs aimed at regulating uric acid levels. Lifestyle changes such as limiting consumption of alcohol and purine foods may also be helpful. It is important to seek medical help to obtain an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan for gout I.