Umbilical hernia

A umbilical hernia (hernia umbilici) is a condition in which the soft tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity protrude through a defect in the linea alba. In most cases, the cause of a hernia is poor scarring of the umbilical cord after childbirth or the presence of a hernial orifice. Hernias occur as a result of weakening of the muscles located above and below the area. These muscles form the so-called. The linea alba is a vertical fibrous structure that runs along the abdomen. It consists of the more superficial fibers of the intestines and the deeper fascial structures that enclose the intestines and run along the spine. It is usually strong, but can become weakened due to various reasons, such as injury (such as a fall or blow), muscle weakness or weight loss, and aging. A hernia is a weakened area of ​​the linea alba and can appear anywhere along it . The most common place of occurrence is near the navel, which explains the name “umbilical hernia” - this pathology is the most common form among the others. Depending on which organs exit through the hernial orifice, different types of hernias are distinguished. This can be: intestinal, inguinal or scrotal - in this case, intestinal penetration occurs through the damaged part of the white line, scrotum - with a defect in the scrotal area, preperitoneal hernia - exit of internal organs through the anterior wall of the abdomen without damaging the vessels or nerves of the umbilical ligament, femoral or abdominal femoral hernia. It should be noted that it is the navel hernia that is the most common among all types of this disease, which is why most theorists talk about its existence. This classification is based on various characteristics other than location. In addition, the following types of pathology can be distinguished: congenital, acquired or after surgical intervention. The risk of developing the disease may increase in the presence of factors such as: a child that is too large or heavy, multiple pregnancies, poor nutrition of the mother during pregnancy, heredity, diabetes, excess weight and other chronic diseases. Usually, symptoms do not appear immediately after birth, since at first the child’s body compensates for the deviations that have arisen in the child’s condition and copes with tissue deficiency. However, parents often notice this pathology in the later stages, when the hernia begins to be in the abdominal cavity, exposing the contents of the intestine. In this case, the main signs are associated with the expansion of the subcutaneous area: depth up to 3-5 cm, in the form