Heart Defects In Born

Title: Heart defects occurring at birth

Heart defects that occur at birth are caused by disturbances in the development of the heart and large vessels in the early stages of the prenatal period. They occur in approximately 7 out of 100 newborns.

Main reasons:

1. Genetic factors
2. External factors during pregnancy (viral diseases in the mother, alcoholism, certain medications, radiation)

Main types of defects:

1. Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common. Leads to right ventricular overload and pulmonary hypertension.

2. Atrial septal defect. Causes overload of the right ventricle.

3. Open ductus arteriosus. Leads to overload of pulmonary blood flow.

4. Stenosis (narrowing) of the heart valves - aortic, pulmonary. Cause overload of the corresponding ventricle.

5. Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta. Increases the load on the left ventricle.

6. Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect and other disorders.

Diagnosis is based on ECG data, echocardiography, radiography, and cardiac catheterization.

Treatment is mainly surgical. For inoperable forms, drug therapy is performed to improve hemodynamics. Early elimination of defects in childhood allows one to achieve good results.