Chromaffinocyte

Chromaffinocytes are cells that are found in the adrenal medulla and secrete adrenaline and norepinephrine. They are also known as pheochromic cells. Chromaffinocytes are part of the chromaffin system, which is responsible for regulating blood pressure, heart rate and other important body functions.

Chromaffinocytes are spherical in shape and contain granules containing epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are released into the bloodstream when needed. These hormones play an important role in regulating various body functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.

However, chromaffinocytes may also be involved in the development of various diseases, such as pheochromocytoma (Conn's syndrome), in which chromaffinocytes begin to uncontrollably release adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood, which can lead to serious health problems.

In general, chromaffinocytes play an important role in regulating various body functions and may be involved in the development of various diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand their roles and functions in order to prevent possible health problems.

**Chromaffinocytes**, or chromospheric cells, are large cells widely scattered in the adrenal medulla and the autonomic nervous system (in the paraganglions). Initially identified as chromaffin cells in the suprarenal ganglion, due to the proximity of these nodes to the adrenal medulla, chromaffinocytes were mistaken for cromophile cells. The structure of chromaffin cells cannot but cause admiration: they have an accumulation of folded cisterns in the cytoplasm that form chromatophores, as well as large mitochondria. The granular apparatus of chromaffin cells contains catecholamines, including adrenaline, which is released by these cells in response to stimulating factors. An attempt to inject an already dead cat into the body instead of this secretion resulted in increased catecholamine levels, hypotension, tachycardia and sweating. Taking this into account, it becomes clear why they are trying to isolate adrenaline from pheochroic cells using pharmacological methods. However, this kind of secretion is produced in small quantities (0.01 μg of adrenaline), obtained simultaneously with similar secretions from a number of other cells containing catecholamine substances.

Chromaffinoma is a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that can also form in the thyroid gland, eyeball muscle, or blood vessels. Most often, doctors encounter it in adolescence, although in rare cases it also occurs in older people. Previously, this disease was given the name “pheochromic”. I will tell you about this tumor in more detail.

In the neuroendocrine system, chromaffinomas are of two types: - The most common is the first - solitary, which are localized in the adrenal medulla, but can also form at the posterior pole of the thyroid sinus. Such formations occur in children and adolescents with approximately the same frequency. - Less commonly, the first type of chromaffin is combined with the second type, which develops more rarely and mainly in women during menopause. The second type of tetokst is formed not only in the adrenal glands, but also scattered throughout the body, mainly in the bladder, kidneys, pituitary gland and other parts of the brain. In this case, the disease is called pheocarcinoma.