Infections Natural-focal

Infectious diseases of natural focal origin belong to the group of acute infectious diseases that are anthropozoonotic and circulate among wild animals and birds, transmitted to humans from them or through animal products. They differ from infections of zooanthroponotic origin (vector-borne diseases) transmitted through blood-sucking vectors from animals to humans, which include leptospirosis, onchocerciasis, and tick-borne relapsing fever. Infection with these infectious diseases occurs through contact with specific pathogen vectors or animal reservoirs and results in infection.

Human exposure is a potential hazard in only 20-30% of identified cases. For example, leptospirosis is one of the anthroponoses and a number of tick-borne infections - Rocky Mountain spotted fever, canine piroplasmosis. The risk of infection with leptospirosis increases when visiting water bodies and contacting water transport, and when working in landfills. Plague and Q fever can also occur in suburban residents, gardeners, people who have contact with dogs, as well as homeless people and other groups of the population visiting poor accommodation facilities. An anthropophilic outbreak of the rabies virus was registered in the Rostov region on the border of the village of Tselinnaya and a reservoir with a hydroelectric station, with contacts with domestic animals and loggers prevailing. The patient was bitten by a stray dog. The anthropozoonotic cycle is supported by rabies, smallpox, tularemia, and brucellosis viruses; Psittacosis in ducks and salmonellosis in animals are caused by a highly contagious anthropozoon.