Isoagglutinogen

Isoagglutinogen is one of the antigens naturally formed on the surface of red blood cells, which is attacked by isoagglutinin contained in the blood plasma, which leads to agglutination of red blood cells.

Isoagglutinogens are carbohydrate determinants located on the membrane of red blood cells. They belong to the AB0 system and are antigens of this system. There are two main types of isoagglutinogens - A and B.

People with blood group 0 (I) do not have isoagglutinogens on their red blood cells. People with blood type A have only isoagglutinogen A on their red blood cells, while people with blood type B have only isoagglutinogen B. People with type AB (IV) have both types of isoagglutinogens on the surface of their red blood cells.

The interaction of isoagglutinogens with antibodies (isoagglutinins) in the blood plasma leads to agglutination of red blood cells. This phenomenon underlies the determination of blood groups using the ABO system and ensures the immunological compatibility of the donor and recipient during blood transfusion.

Isoagglutinogens are one of the types of red blood cell antigens. They are proteins that naturally form on the surface of red blood cells and can be attacked by agglutinins in the blood plasma, resulting in red blood cell agglutination (sticking together). Isoagglutinogens play an important role in immunology and diagnosis of various diseases, such as anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn, sickle cell anemia and others.

Isoagglutinogens can be of different types and vary depending on race, gender, age and other factors. Each isoagglutinogen has a unique antigenic composition that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. For example, in sickle cell anemia, the isoagglutinogens are HbS and HbC, which are abnormal forms of hemoglobin.

To determine isoagglutinogens, various methods are used, such as blood tests, electrophoresis, enzyme immunoassays, etc. These methods make it possible to determine the type and amount of isoagglutinogens in the blood, which helps in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

In general, isoagglutinogens are an important component of the human immune system and play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.

Isoagglutenins are antibodies that are found in some infectious diseases. These are proteins that promote the adhesion of red blood cells. Due to the increased amount of these proteins, the body cannot control the level of hemoglobin, which must be inside red blood cells for their normal functioning. Isoaglutinogens are present in the following diseases:

1. Hepatitis B. This virus attacks the liver and in the process, antibodies are formed against various proteins in the body. One of them is transferrin, which is necessary for transporting iron into erythrocyte hemoglobin. Excess transferrin causes tissue agglutination. Proteins in the blood are attacked by transferrin and turn into sclerotic lumps. In addition, hepatitis B bacteria feed on these same proteins, causing further deposition of iron particles. Infection with isoagurinocens increases the duration and severity of the disease.

2. Secondary hemophilia is an autoimmune disease in which the amount of antihemophilic antibodies in the blood increases significantly. Due to excessive adhesion of red blood cells, clots form. Chronic bleeding appears in a variety of places: arterial and venous vessels, gastrointestinal tract, bladder. But they are more difficult to stop, since these diseases occur against the background of increased blood clotting.

3. Cryoglobulinemia is another rare cause of agglutination reactions. A complication of cryoglobulinosis occurs due to a failure of the body’s immune response to cold provocation. With the active interaction of cold and low temperature, control over the amount of antibodies in the serum is lost. A cascade synthesis of isoaglutoenins begins, leading to cell gluing in all tissues and organs. As a result, damage occurs to the liver, skin, blood vessels, and organs located near the hip and ankle joints.

Isoagglutgens are one of the main components of the hematopoietic system. Thanks to this blood system, when damaged, its volume increases due to an increase in the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin in them.

Isoagglutin is a type-specific product of activation of plasma coagulation factors VII, X and XI. It activates all three coagulation factors and contains the main part of the prothrombin complex. Activated by thrombinplankten factor, binds to vitamin K-binding protein. Izoa