Duffy System isoantigen

Isoantigens are antigens that are defined by their specific properties and do not depend on the external environment. Duffy system isoantigens are proteins that are present in human blood and can be used to determine blood groups.

The Duffy system was discovered in the 1950s and includes two main isoantigens: D and d. D-antigen is a protein that is present in the red blood cells of all people, and d-antigen is a protein that is absent in most people.

Determination of blood group according to the Duffy system is based on the presence or absence of d-antigen. If a person has a d-antigen, then his blood belongs to group D, and if there is no d-antigen, then his blood belongs to group d.

In addition, the Duffy system includes several additional isoantigens that can be used to determine other blood groups. For example, the Cw (or C) antigen is used to determine blood type C, and the E (or e) antigen is used to determine blood type e.

It is important to note that the Duffy system is not the only system for determining blood groups, and there are other systems such as the ABO system and the Rh system. However, the Duffy system remains one of the most common systems for determining blood groups in clinical practice.

Duffy system isoantigens are an antigen that was discovered in the 20th century and is important in the diagnosis of various diseases. The Duffy system consists of three groups of antigens: leukocyte factor, basophilic factor and platelet antigen A1. The study of these antigens has made it possible to create new diagnostic methods for detecting cancer and other blood diseases.

Leukocyte factor Leukocyte antigen or CD71 is a glycoprotein located on the surface of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. This is one of the very first antigenic markers that were discovered in the blood and is used in immunohematology. The functions of this antigen are not fully understood, but it is known that it plays an important role in the body's immune responses.

A study of the function of lymphocyte cells using the cross-precipitation reaction showed that the antigens can be used in laboratory studies, as well as to determine the compatibility of blood during transfusion. Thus, if one antigen is detected on cells, the absence of antibodies can be expected, and vice versa, if both antigens are detected, transfusion may be prohibited.

Later, leukocyte CD71 was divided into subfractions and the type II antigen subfraction was named basophilic factor or Duffy antigen. It was found in all patients with acute leukemia and in rare cases in other malignant neoplasms. However, its presence has not been detected in healthy people. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of Duffy factors in acute and chronic miliary tuberculosis.

In patients with CML, the concentration of Duffy factors was increased, which can be used as a marker of response to antitumor therapy. In patients with leukemoid reaction, an increase in the amount of CD71 and Duffy-II factors was detected in the bone marrow. CD71 is associated with the formation and release of interleukin-5. An increased amount of Duffy factors may indicate cytotoxic properties of a chronic myeloid leukemia cell line. In addition, elevated Duffy factors may relate to anti