Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis is a condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood and urine, acidosis and hyperglycemia.

The main reasons for the development of ketoacidosis:

1. Diabetes mellitus type 1. Ketoacidosis most often develops in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus due to insulin deficiency.

2. Infections, injuries, stress. Various diseases and stressful situations can provoke the development of ketoacidosis.

3. Eating disorders. Fasting, vomiting, and diarrhea disrupt the flow of glucose into cells and contribute to ketoacidosis.

4. Taking certain medications (glucocorticoids, sympathomimetics).

The main symptoms of ketoacidosis:

1. thirst, dry mouth
2. frequent urination
3. weakness, fatigue
4. nausea, vomiting
5. shortness of breath on exertion
6. abdominal pain

For diagnosis, a blood and urine test is performed to check for the presence of ketone bodies and hyperglycemia.

Treatment of ketoacidosis includes insulin administration and fluid and electrolyte replacement. It is important to compensate for metabolic disorders as quickly as possible and prevent the development of complications.

Ketoacidosis is a disorder of the acid-base balance in the body, in which the blood pH level decreases because the amount of acids exceeds the level of buffer bases. An increased content of acids in the blood leads to the fact that they displace alkali from the buffer system and cause a change in pH in one direction or another, depending on the ratio of acids and alkaline bases in the serum.

Ketoacidosis can occur as a result of fluid loss due to vomiting, diarrhea caused by cholera, malaria or other gastrointestinal diseases, and also due to long-term therapy with glucocorticosteroids. Ketoacedosis often occurs in patients with diabetes or when taking antidiabetic drugs, which is due to a decrease in the sensitivity of tissue cells to insulin. This pathological process is based on metabolic disorders combined with dehydration (that is, a significant decrease in blood volume). Pato