Xerophthalmia (Gr. Xeros - Dry, Ophthalmos - Eye)

Xerophthalmia (Gr. Xeros - Dry, Ophthalmos - Eye)

Xerophthalmia is an eye disease in which the corneal epithelium is destroyed. It can lead to blindness and is caused by a lack of vitamin A in the body.

In xerophthalmia, due to vitamin A deficiency, the process of keratinization of corneal epithelial cells is disrupted. This leads to thinning, dryness, clouding and ulceration. The cornea loses transparency, which sharply reduces visual acuity.

The main symptoms of xerophthalmia:

1. dryness, itching, burning eyes

2. photophobia

3. lacrimation

4. corneal clouding

5. ulcers and erosions on the cornea

6. decreased vision up to complete blindness

Xerophthalmia is more common in children in undernourished countries. For prevention and treatment, additional intake of vitamin A is used. With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. Untreated xerophthalmia can lead to irreversible changes and blindness.