Leucotomy Open

Leucotomy (l. Leucotomy) is an operation in which tissue is dissected between the two hemispheres of the brain, its posterior surface and the base of the skull. An open or closed L. is performed. When the L. is open, the trepanation hole with bone of the appropriate size is covered with a piece of bone and it is sewn to the bottom of the hole to form a bone flap with holes directed to the brain. Through them, the dead grayish meninges underlying the brain substance are removed.

Carrying out a burr hole involves expanding it to such a size that the patient can breathe. The length of the open incision in the cranial cavity is approximately 4-7 cm. In addition, for breathing, longitudinal decompression of the corresponding cavities of the brain and possibly the hypothalamus is carried out. Open leucotomy is performed for psychoses of various origins, also tuberculous encephalitis or abscess, tumors and other cases when the connection between the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum is disrupted.

Wound healing is carried out in the same way as after a traumatic brain injury. Over time, the patient regains speech, vision and consciousness. Most patients return to work.

**Open leucotomy** - L., which allows you to expose the cerebral cortex and perform some operations on the brain. It has been carried out over several years in the form of an experimental method. During the Great Patriotic War, a study was conducted on the role of leucotomy in military terms. The study of the technique of open leucotomy made it possible to establish that this method can reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures after various lesions of the cerebral hemispheres, especially in cases of pathological reflexes (in case of injuries and diseases of the spinal cord. In this regard, attempts are being made to widely use open leucotomy. In the clinic of mental diseases (madness), as well as in some forms of mental retardation. The immediate indication for its implementation is uncontrollable seizures of convulsions that are not amenable to drug therapy. The essence of the method is to dissect one or both hemispheres of the cerebrum by removing the contents to a certain depth. A number of studies have been carried out that show that the method really reduces the frequency of seizures, which is what scientists see as the possibility of its practical use in peacetime.Nevertheless, the method remained auxiliary until the mid-60s, when new anticonvulsants were found and studied.

Open dissection of the brain with experiments on humans was a criminal act and strictly prohibited by the Convention on Human Rights, signed by the UN on November 4, 1948 and ratified by the USSR only on May 13 1