Mesothelioma Information - 10 Most Asked Q & A

Mesothelioma Information - 10 Most Asked Q & A

Mesothelioma is a devastating form of cancer that affects the mesothelium, a protective membrane covering the internal organs of the body. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral that was widely used in construction materials and other industries until its harmful effects were discovered. For those seeking information about mesothelioma, here are the answers to 10 of the most frequently asked questions:

1. What is the mesothelium?
   The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects the internal organs of the body. It consists of two layers of cells, with one layer surrounding the organ and the other forming a sac around it. The mesothelium produces lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move smoothly against adjacent surfaces.

2. What is mesothelioma?
   Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the mesothelium. It occurs when the cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of malignant tumors. Mesothelioma is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos particles, which can damage the mesothelium and trigger the development of cancerous cells.

3. How common is mesothelioma?
   Mesothelioma is considered a relatively rare form of cancer. However, reported incidence figures have shown a steady increase over the past two decades. In the United States alone, around 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed each year. Men are more commonly affected than women, and the risk of developing mesothelioma increases with age.

4. What are the causes of mesothelioma?
   Approximately 90% of mesothelioma cases can be linked to asbestos exposure. Even minimal exposure to asbestos fibers, which may have occurred many years before the cancer manifests, can lead to the development of mesothelioma. Some chemicals and radiation sources have also been associated with mesothelioma, but there is no evidence linking it to cigarette smoking.

5. How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
   Diagnosing mesothelioma can be challenging because its symptoms are similar to those of other conditions, such as asbestosis. The diagnosis typically involves a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. Physical examinations and imaging tests like x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs are conducted to evaluate the presence and extent of the disease.

6. Can mesothelioma be treated?
   The treatment options for mesothelioma depend on various factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, the patient's age, and overall health. Common treatment approaches include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The specific treatment plan is determined by the healthcare team based on individual circumstances.

7. Is there a cure for mesothelioma?
   Currently, the only treatment that offers a potential cure for mesothelioma is surgery to remove the tumor. However, due to the difficulty of early detection, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages when surgery may not be a viable option. In such cases, treatments focus on managing symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and improving quality of life.

8. Are there new treatments available for mesothelioma?
   Ongoing clinical trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute aim to discover new treatments and improve the effectiveness of existing therapies for mesothelioma. Before a new treatment can be recommended for widespread use, extensive clinical trials are conducted to ensure safety and efficacy. Participation in these trials may be an important option for patients seeking alternative treatment approaches.

9. What is the life expectancy for those diagnosed with mesothelioma?
   The life expectancy of mesothelioma patients varies depending on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient's age and overall health. On average, survival periods range between 8 and 14 months. However, some patients have been known to live for several years following diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early detection and personalized treatment.

10. So what is asbestosis?
    Asbestosis is a chronic and potentially fatal lung disease caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers. Unlike mesothelioma, it is non-cancerous but can cause severe lung damage, increased susceptibility to lung infections, and heart failure. Asbestosis is characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced lung function.

In conclusion, mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer primarily caused by asbestos exposure. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for patients, their families, and those seeking information about the disease. Ongoing research and clinical trials offer hope for improved treatments in the future, while early detection and comprehensive care remain essential for managing this challenging condition.