Microroentgenometer

Micro-X-ray analysis is a type of X-ray analysis in which the object under study is irradiated with low-intensity X-rays. This definition is given in GOST 27820-2008 "X-ray and X-ray optical devices. Terms. Definitions."

An X-ray machine is an electronic device whose basic operating principle is based on the conversion of electrical energy into the energy of X-rays. To solve many problems in X-ray technology, X-ray tubes are used, in which the accelerating voltage of an electric current (in a closed volume from 3 kV to 50 MeV) is deflected by a small magnetic field. Due to this, particles of the metallic substance of the electrodes inside the tube move as if along a curved path: electrons that have lost kinetic energy fall onto the cathode. This element consists of a refractory material (tungsten, molybdenum or thorium oxide) and cathode lead deposited on its surface by sputtering. In order for the cathode plasma to maintain its structure, it must remain at its melting temperature. When heated and arced, tungsten and molybdenum melt and evaporate. The cathode cap serves as protection. The design of the tube, however, allows the material to evaporate and partially return to the cathode surface to restore the structure. Electrons near the cathode can be slowed down due to collisions with atoms of mercury vapor that constantly penetrate through the cathode hole. In this case, the X-ray radiation can be made stronger. The latter results in surface stress formed by the negatively charged surface of the cathode due to individual atoms, so-called ions. Due to the attraction between the surface tension and the negative particles, the surface tension forces of the plasma forming the hemisphere increase, so it contracts. Such compression, however, cannot continue indefinitely, since the current voltage greatly exceeds the height of the voltage. If you compress a fairly strong voltage, then a charge appears on the cathode plane, which leads to expansion of the plasma. This change in the rate of electron flow from the cathode upward is proportional to the changing voltage until the field strength reaches a value equal to the field strength between the cathode and the anode. Electrical energy losses are reduced and electrostatic energy is converted into kinetic energy of electrons in the anode. Next, a massive collision occurs between the same particles. The mass of electrons moving after losing kinetic energy at the speed of light, the mass is 938.28 megaelectronvolts. A single action of the particle mass ultimately results in: • release of light radiation • formation of high-energy quanta - x-rays, x-ray photography