Nails

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Horny plates lying on the nail bed, surrounded by skin (nail folds). The nails are distinguished by a body and a root, protruding into the posterior nail fold, which turns into a thin horny border - the nail skin.

The nail skin grows onto the nail socket - a section of the nail body that has a crescent shape and a matte color.

The part of the nail bed covered by the nail root and socket is called the matrix. Due to the proliferation of matrix cells, the nail plate grows, gradually moving towards the periphery of the nail bed. Nail growth rate is 0.1-0.2 mm per day; Complete nail renewal occurs within about 100 days.

The rate of nail growth is influenced by age, gender, general condition of the body, time of year and other factors: for example, children’s nails grow faster than adults’, in winter slower than in summer, etc. The length of the nail plate is 10-15 mm, width 10-17 mm, thickness 0.30-0.37 mm, and in women the nail sizes are slightly smaller than in men. The nail plates are normally smooth, colorless, fairly transparent, and slightly convex.

Under the influence of alkalis, chemicals, injuries, infections (bacteria, fungi) and other unfavorable causes, nail diseases may occur, manifested by changes in the nail plates (onychia) or inflammation of the nail folds (paronychia).

The most important are fungal infections of the nails with rubrophytosis, epidermophytosis, trichophytosis, candidiasis, scab. Changes in nails are observed in chronic infectious diseases, chronic skin diseases, some diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems.

To avoid complications, burrs must be carefully trimmed and lubricated with disinfectants. To prevent their formation, it is recommended to regularly push back and cut off the nail skin (manicure), lubricate the skin of the hands with a softening cream or a special hand cream.

Nail care should be regular. It is necessary to trim your nails regularly as they grow. Manicure and pedicure serve hygienic and cosmetic purposes. When carrying out these procedures, it is necessary to comply with sanitary and hygienic rules.