**Neurophysiology** is a science that studies the physiological processes occurring in living systems at the molecular and cellular levels in connection with the function of the nervous system. It is the main biomedical discipline that “studies the functioning of the brain” and serves as a theoretical basis for medicine, psychology, sociology and philosophy. Typically, the scope of attention of neuroscientists includes the study of animal behavior, that is, various acts and stereotypes of their response to the actions of other organisms and to certain changes in the external environment, as well as the reactions of the system itself to various influences (stimuli) from the outside world and the activity of the nervous system itself , the results of which are expressed either in the excitability of nerve centers or in external manifestations - movements of body parts. The behavior of living beings, as a rule, is adaptive and pursues some adaptive result. The basis of behavior controlled by the central nervous system is the integration and interaction of bilateral processes of excitatory and