Oligodendrogliocytus [Oligodendrogliocytus, Lnh; Oligo- + Greek. Dendron Tree + (Neuro)Glia + Hist. Cytus Cell; Syn. Cell Oligodendroglial]

Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia) are neuroglial cells that surround the neuron body and take part in the formation of the sheath of nerve fibers. They have a small number of processes and participate in the exchange of substances between the neuron and the environment.

Oligodendrocyte glia are one of the most important components of the nervous system. It has many functions, including protecting neuronal cells from damage, regulating the transmission of nerve impulses, helping to create the myelin sheath around nerve fibers, and facilitating nerve cell metabolism.

Oligoden-ricitoses (from the Latin oligos - little, Greek -dendros - tree, -s - the end of the noun and -itis - a suffix meaning “inflammation”) polycleia - cells that cover our entire brain from all sides are called they are oligodendritic cells (or oligodendritic-like cells), and sometimes - in other words, oligodendrites, or, more correctly, oligodendritic cells. They are the ones who transmit impulses of information.

Oligodendritic cells were first discovered in the hypothalamus (nervous tissue near the pituitary gland) by Tibor Hashimi (1823-1905) in the 70s of the 19th century [2]. He himself also considered them a symbiosis of nerve fiber with nervous tissue, and proposed the name for them associative and glandular cells according to the old terminology for nervous tissue according to the German analogue of the English term “autonomic nerve”. Modern science identifies more than a hundred types of cells of this type. With this diversity, its function is to protect the central nervous system and transmit impulses with the least loss.

This is the most ancient type of cell, from the ectoderm - the outer germ layer. About 350 million years ago, fish with a double nervous system already existed on earth - a brain and glia, which appeared only in vertebrates (subphylum Chordata, class (explicit firebrands; Actiniaria), from the subphylum of cartilaginous fish, order Chimeranidae, family cartilaginous fish ) animals that live on the bottom of the oceans and in shallow sea waters. It is possible that the first mammals (Mammalia) appeared among them, since there are morphological similarities between these two subtypes of chordates. The cellular origin of the ectodermal origin of these cells is ensured by the monolayer nature or arrangement of ectodermal cells on one surface, as well as by short cytoskeletal processes (for example, micro