Galactosemic oligophrenia

Oligophrenia in adults

Oligophrenia is a special form of mental underdevelopment, which is characterized by a mental structure characterized by persistent and systematic disturbances of higher mental functions: memory, attention, gnostic and intellectual processes. According to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, an oligophrenic or a person with mental retardation belongs to diseases of category “F” (“Mental disorders and behavioral disorders”).

In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, the Russian name for this pathology may sound like “mental retardation and other intellectual disabilities.” In the English version of the ICD, this category includes two other conditions that are in no way related to each other by genetic origin, but differ from each other in genesis, and therefore in etiotropic treatment - these are oligophrenia (F70-F79) and mental retardation (F81 -F82), associated either with organic lesions of the central nervous system or with a violation of the rate of development. In clinical practice, the question of creating a unified classification of oligophrenia is increasingly being raised - by bringing individual forms into larger groups, built on the basis of a general clinical and pathogenetic approach to the process. Thus, based on the dominant genetic mechanisms of the defect, the classification of oligophrenia has now been compiled and approved in the Russian Federation, the CIS and the USA. This terminology in each country refers to both childhood and adulthood, with slight differences in their names; the terms “oligophrenia”, “organic dementia”, “amnestic aphasia” are “mentoring”, as if established concepts (“imposed” by time), which have entered the history of psychiatry and the science of detoxification of the nervous system and have lost their terminological definition; therefore they are not discussed here.

***Four groups of names of disorders related to oligophrenic syndrome are important for the literature:***

1. Classic congenital dementia with a predominantly dysontogenetic mechanism; 2. Brain dysontogeny; 3. A special condition of the brain as a variant of a disorder of its mental functions; 4. These are peculiar mental anomalies. When drawing up international classifications in the mid-20th century, it was proposed to classify oligophrenia as a disease, using this term to include irreversible dementia of children under 5 years of age, mental retardation that occurs as a result of injuries and diseases of the central nervous system of older children, and the fundamental pathology of the mental development of adults. person for various reasons. Classic-dyzontogenic dementia is usually called mental underdevelopment with a predominant cerebral mechanism, developing in childhood with the participation of exogenous harmful factors such as diseases of internal organs and skin, and directly affecting the brain - childhood infectious diseases, intoxication, trauma. Diseases of childhood include tuberculosis, syphilis, rheumatism, septic forms