Optic chiasm syndrome

Optic chiasm syndrome (syndromum chiasmatis optici) is a pathological condition associated with damage to the optic chiasm.

The chiasm is a junction of the optic nerves located at the base of the brain. Normally, the fibers of the optic nerves partially intersect in the chiasm - the nasal halves of the retinas of both eyes are connected to the fibers of one (right) optic nerve, and the temporal halves of the retinas are connected to the fibers of the other (left) optic nerve.

When the chiasm is damaged, the conduction of nerve impulses from the retina to the visual cortex of the brain is disrupted. This leads to the development of various visual disorders, including the appearance of loss (scotomata) in the visual fields of both or one eye.

Causes of optic chiasm syndrome:

1. Chiasmal tumors (craniopharyngioma, glioma, meningioma)

2. Inflammatory diseases (neurosarcoidosis)

3. Injury

4. Vascular disorders

5. Demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis)

Diagnosis is based on an ophthalmological examination, CT or MRI of the brain. Treatment depends on the cause and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and corticosteroids. The prognosis is determined by the nature and extent of damage to the optic chiasm.

Optic crossed syndrome is a rare and dangerous condition that causes severe vision problems and can lead to complete blindness. In this article, we look at what optic chiasm syndrome is, how it manifests, what treatments are available, and what consequences it can have for patients.

Optic chiasm syndrome is a brain disorder in which nerve impulses from the retina of one eye are transmitted to the brain through the other eye. This occurs due to abnormal twisting of the optic nerves in the brain, which leads to confusion between information from each eye and serious vision problems.