Otosclerosis (Otospongiosis)

Otosclerosis or otospongiosis is a disease that is characterized by focal damage to the bone capsule of the labyrinth of unknown etiology. Progressive hearing loss is a consequence of fixation of the foot plate of the stapes by an otosclerotic lesion in the oval window. In some cases, pathological bone growth extends to the cochlear canal. Otosclerosis usually occurs during or in the years following puberty and affects women more often than men. In rare cases, the disease can occur in childhood (8-10 years).

Symptoms of otosclerosis include progressive hearing loss (usually in both ears), most often occurring for no apparent reason, and tinnitus. Often, tinnitus is the main complaint of patients, and in a noisy environment the patient hears better. The disease usually develops slowly. Pregnancy and childbirth can speed up the process. Otoscopy reveals intact eardrums.

The diagnosis of otosclerosis is made based on history, clinical and audiometric data. In the typical tympanic form of otosclerosis, hearing loss is observed as a type of dysfunction of the sound-conducting system. The mixed form of otosclerosis is characterized by moderate, and the cochlear form - by significantly pronounced involvement of the sound-perceiving system in the process. In these cases, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis with cochlear neuritis.

Treatment of otosclerosis is surgical and consists of stapedoplasty. The purpose of the operation is to restore the mobility of the stapedial bone, which is blocked by the otosclerotic lesion. This improves sound conduction in the inner ear and restores hearing. Stapedoplasty surgery is an effective treatment for otosclerosis, and in most cases, patients notice significant improvement in hearing after surgery.

In conclusion, otosclerosis is a disease that can lead to progressive hearing loss and tinnitus. The diagnosis is made based on history, clinical and audiometric data. Treatment is surgical and consists of stapedoplasty, which can significantly improve the patient's hearing. If you suspect otosclerosis, contact your doctor for further advice and treatment. Seeing a doctor early can help prevent the disease from progressing and preserve your hearing for a longer period of time.