Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis: history of discovery, application in biology

**Parthenogenesis** is a process in which sexual reproduction is not required to reproduce offspring, and the organism develops without the participation of germ cells. This phenomenon is widespread in nature, for example, in bees and ants, males are not required for queen reproduction, and all honeycombs are immediately filled with worker bees. Even so, evolution naturally adapts and changes organisms. The scientific community has closely observed man and his genes, which has led to the discovery of other opportunities for improving the biological system. One of these scientific breakthroughs occurred in the 20th century, when

Parthenogenesis is the process of self-fertilization in which a new generation appears without fertilization of the egg by a sperm. This process is common in some species of insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles and animals with eggs without a protective shell or with a very thin outer shell. Animals that can have both types of reproduction include mammals and some invertebrates. Some starfish are also capable of parthenogenesis.

In addition, parthenogenesis may be temporary or inherited from parents. Self-fertilization was first observed in Hydra intestinalis, which has the genetic ability to regenerate its cells without producing eggs; this process is widely studied and can serve as an example of how genetic changes can lead to evolutionary changes in species.

Parthenogenesis in humans is an extremely rare phenomenon; it has been described in the scientific literature only a few times. This is due to the fact that the human body has complex mechanisms for regulating vital processes, including mechanisms for regulating the genetic activity of cells. However, it has been noted that in 36% of women, certain genes have a high production rate that can lead to self-fertilization. Environmental factors such as ionizing radiation and