Phenogenesis

Phenogenesis (from the Greek words “pheno” and “genesis”) is the process of formation of an organism’s phenotype in the process of individual development (ontogenesis) under the influence of both the genotype and environmental factors.

Phenogenesis includes all stages of the development of an organism from the zygote to the formation of an adult. At each stage, the phenotype is influenced by the processes of cell differentiation, morphogenesis, histogenesis and organogenesis. In this case, the genotype sets the general boundaries of possible development options, and a specific phenotype is formed under the influence of environmental conditions.

Thus, phenogenesis is the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors that determines the final phenotype of an organism. Understanding the mechanisms of phenogenesis is important for studying ontogeny, as well as the processes of morphogenesis and evolution of living systems.

Phenogenesis is the process of formation and development of new forms at the level of the whole organism or part of it. It involves many cellular structures that receive signals from hormones, biochemicals, external factors, etc.

Phenogenesis occupies a special place in the life of mammals due to their highly developed plasticity. Mammals are very sensitive to changes in the environment, which leads to mutations and evolution.

An interesting example of phenogenesis is the membranes of frogs. The appearance of this organ is due to genetic mutations that change the structure of epidermal cells. The mutated cells begin to grow and form a layer of cells, which thickens and becomes a membrane. It protects the frog's forelimbs while moving through the water. When stopping, when the frog goes to the shore, the membrane disappears because it is not used in the process of movement. This is an example of how new structures can be created in the body.