Premenstrual syndrome

Title: Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome is a complex of physical and psychoemotional symptoms that occur in women a few days before the onset of menstruation. It is observed in approximately 30-40% of women of reproductive age.

Main symptoms:

1. Irritability, aggressiveness, depression, tearfulness
2. Headache and muscle pain
3. Swelling and engorgement of the mammary glands
4. Swelling on the face and limbs
5. Weight gain of 1-2 kg due to fluid retention
6. Increased symptoms of allergies or asthma

The causes of premenstrual syndrome are not completely clear. It is believed to be associated with hormonal fluctuations in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. Its development is also affected by stress, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and hypertension.

Diagnosis is made based on the characteristic cyclical nature of symptoms. Treatment includes:

1. Diet with limited salt and liquid
2. Estrogen-progestin drugs
3. Diuretics for edema syndrome
4. Antihistamines for allergic reactions
5. Analgesics for headaches and mastalgia
6. Tranquilizers and psychotherapy

For prevention, a healthy lifestyle, stress reduction, and treatment of concomitant diseases are recommended. Premenstrual syndrome can lead to severe menopause, so women over 45 years of age require clinical observation.