Quadriplegia, Tetraplegia

Quadriplegia and tetraplegia are paralytic conditions in which all four limbs of a person lose the ability to move. These diseases are rare, but require a comprehensive medical approach to preserve human life.

Quadriplegia is a condition where a person loses the ability to move their arms, legs, and chest at the same time. The pelvis is usually not affected. When paralysis of all four limbs occurs, they speak of Tetraplegia. Quadruplegia is a diagnosis made if the patient has previously been diagnosed with hemiplegia. In the future, corticospinal syndrome and movement and support disorders may develop. A feature of the states of quadriplegia and tetraplegia is the inability to move independently without the help of special devices. This affects the quality of life of patients and requires treatment at home or in specialized institutions.

Medical care includes, in addition to treating underlying diseases, adjusting self-care processes, increasing physical activity and maintaining the general health of the patient. The need for surgical intervention is determined by the type of quadriplemgia, and therefore it can be prescribed sooner or later. The main treatment for quadriplegia and tetraplexy is therapy, including drug correction of the underlying disease, restoration of blood supply to nerve fibers and improvement of the efficiency of limb movement. The goal of therapy is to slow down muscle atrophy and increase functionality in the patient through the use of special physical training techniques and elimination of the consequences of the disease. The main activities include gentle manual therapy, massage, gymnastics and the provision of specific techniques when walking, interacting with surrounding objects, etc.

Quadriplegia and tetraplegia are complete paralysis or severe paresis of the lower half of a person’s body due to damage to the spinal cord due to disease, injury or surgery.

This condition is diagnosed in a small number of patients, but the prognosis and treatment relative to other types of paralysis remain very difficult. This is explained by the fact that damage against the background of such changes often occurs at the level of the spinal canal. In addition, due to the reduction in the patient’s range of motion, diagnosing problems with the cardiac and respiratory systems becomes much more difficult.

Basically, the causes of paralysis are as follows: pathologies of the central nervous system, inflammatory process, spinal injury, cerebral infection, tumors, hematoma, infectious disease of the myelin sheaths. In addition, similar phenomena can occur during childbirth, intrauterine damage to the fetus, and also against the background of alcoholism.

There are several types of paralytic muscle weakness: * Congenital type - occurs due to genetic abnormalities, failure of intrauterine development of the fetus. * Acquired appearance - it occurs as a result of exposure to a certain factor in adulthood. * Parkinsonian paralysis - this type of disorder develops in parallel with other pathologies of the central nervous system or joints with age. * Toxic species - they appear due to chronic poisoning of the body with toxic substances. * Atrophic or neurogenic - occurs against the background of many diseases and a general weakening of the immune system.

These types of violations are divided as follows:

In the congenital form, lesions may occur in one limb, upper or lower. They are observed from birth in children and are usually unilateral. Bilateral paroxysms are less common. Approximately every tenth case has a genetic