Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by impaired thinking and perception of reality.

Main symptoms of schizophrenia:

1. Thinking disorder. Thoughts become fragmented, inconsistent, speech becomes incoherent.

2. Hallucinations and delusions. Patients hear “voices” and see visions that are not really there. Delusional ideas of persecution, influence, greatness appear.

3. Emotional disturbances. Emotions become superficial or inappropriate.

4. Social isolation. Patients withdraw from contacts and become withdrawn.

5. Violations of the volitional sphere. Motivation, initiative, and ability for purposeful activities decrease.

The causes of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Predisposition to the disease can be inherited. Psychotraumatic situations play an important role in its development.

Diagnosis is based on a psychiatric examination and medical history. Treatment includes drug therapy, psychotherapy, and social rehabilitation. With adequate treatment, many patients can achieve stable remission and lead a full life.

Schizophrenia (discordant psychosis) is one of the most common forms of mental disorder, in which there is a sharp discrepancy (discordance) in cognitive and emotional-volitional abilities. The main types of symptoms and their content are given in the description of classical psychosis.

The schizophrenic nature of paranoid fixation and its fundamental difference from ideomotor type paranoia

In recent years, paranoid fixation, which, in contrast to the classical paranoid “preoccupation with an idea,” is defined as productive-affective tension of mental activity in a specific situation, has attracted the attention of researchers in connection with the works of T.G. Paratseevskaya, devoted to the problem of the relationship between phylogenesis and ontogenesis development of the Ego (paranoid fixation) and defense mechanisms (verbal-logical thinking and affective paranoia). Paranoid thinking (thinking under the sign of paranoid-destructive action), according to the author of the work, should be understood as “... pathological thinking with weak neuroticism, a negative paranoid pole, which does not create distinct oedipal formations, which were felt by patients during the formation of the Ego, but pathological basic for the paranoid thinking internal technique in the form of an attitude towards creating internal systems of ordering