Ischio-Rectal Fossa

The ischiorectal fossa (lat. fossa ischiorectalis) is a small depression on the side wall of the pelvis, located between the ischial tuberosity and the rectum. It is formed by two surfaces: the ischial surface of the sacrum and the anterior surface of the coccyx.

The sciatic canal opens into the ischiorectal fossa, which connects the gluteal region with the ischial tuberosities and coccyx. The sciatic nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels pass through this canal.

The ischiorectal triangle is formed on all sides by the ischiorectal fossa. This triangle contains vessels, nerves and ligaments that can be damaged during various operations and injuries.

Also in the ischiorectal triangle there are important anatomical structures:

1. Sacrospinous ligament - connects the sacrum to the spinous processes of the L5 and S1 vertebrae.
2. Coccygeus muscle - located between the ischiococcygeus fossa and the coccygeal foramen. It plays an important role in maintaining correct body posture.
3. Obturator internus muscle - originates from the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the pubic symphysis. This muscle is involved in holding the rectum.

Thus, the ischiorectal fossa is an important anatomical formation that determines the location and function of many pelvic structures. Knowledge of its anatomy and topography can help the doctor in diagnosing and treating various diseases and injuries of the pelvic area.