Tracheal spur

**Tracheal spur** is a rare complication after tracheostomy, characterized by persistent longitudinal deformation of the dome or frame of the tracheal structures on the side of the tracheotomy opening. Most often, this phenomenon can occur when tracheostomy is implanted without proper control. Proponents of the conservative approach usually prescribe physical therapy and pain medications, while surgical treatment is required in cases of severe stenosis. The prognosis is favorable, but only with adequate and timely treatment.

Title: Tracheal spur: a complication of tracheostomy that requires attention

Introduction:
A tracheostomy is a medical procedure in which the doctor creates an opening in the front wall of the trachea to provide direct access to the airway. It may be needed in various clinical situations such as acute respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or post-operative rehabilitation. However, sometimes complications can occur after a tracheostomy, one of which is a tracheal spur.

Tracheal spur:
The tracheal spur is a persistent longitudinal ridge that forms on the wall of the trachea opposite the tracheostomy. It occurs as a complication after tracheostomy. At the same time, the formation of a tracheal spur is associated with the long-term presence of a tracheostomy tube and constant contact of its tip with the inner surface of the trachea.

Causes:
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of a tracheal spur. One of them is the wrong size or type of tracheostomy tube. If the tube is too long or the wrong shape, it can cause irritation and pressure on the wall of the trachea, resulting in a spur. In addition, incorrect fixation of the tube or its incorrect position can also contribute to the development of this complication.

Symptoms and diagnosis:
Patients with a tracheal spur may experience a variety of symptoms, including coughing, breathing difficulties, voice changes, and throat discomfort. However, symptoms may not be specific and may be confused with other respiratory problems. Diagnosis of a tracheal spur may require a physical examination, laryngoscopy, and additional imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or bronchoscopy.

Treatment and prevention:
Treatment for tracheal spurs involves removing abnormally developed tissue from the inner surface of the trachea. This may require surgical intervention such as bronchoscopic removal of the spur or surgical removal through an open approach. In some cases, the tracheostomy tube may need to be replaced or adjusted to prevent the spur from reoccurring.

To prevent the development of tracheal spurs, it is important to follow certain measures. Physicians and health care personnel must carefully select the appropriate size and type of tracheostomy tube based on the patient's anatomy. Regular monitoring of tube position and fixation is also an important aspect of prevention. Patients should be taught proper tracheostomy care, including regularly cleaning and lubricating the tube and following instructions for changing the tube if necessary.

Conclusion:
Tracheal spur is a complication that can occur after tracheostomy. It is important to be aware of the symptoms and seek prompt medical attention to diagnose and treat this complication. Correct selection and fixation of the tracheostomy tube, as well as compliance with the recommendations for tracheostomy care, will help prevent the development of tracheal spurs. Consultation with a physician is necessary to determine the most appropriate treatment approach in each individual case.