Small intestine

ducts of the small intestine, which transport them to the circulatory system and lymphatic vessels located in the walls of the intestine.

In addition, the small intestine contains enzymes that continue the process of digesting food that began in the stomach. In particular, proteins are broken down into amino acids, carbohydrates into monosaccharides, and fats into glycerol and fatty acids. These digestion products are then absorbed into the blood and lymph and transported throughout the body for use by cells.

The structure of the small intestine also includes many glandular cells that secrete mucus and other substances necessary to protect the intestine from damage and infection. In addition, the small intestine contains a large number of bacteria that help digest food and synthesize some vitamins necessary for the health of the body.

Although the small intestine plays an important role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, it can also be susceptible to various diseases. Some of the most common small intestinal diseases include Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive system but most commonly affects the small intestine. Symptoms of Crohn's disease may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that can lead to soreness, bloating, and changes in intestinal transit. Although IBS can affect any part of the intestine, it is most often associated with dysfunction of the small intestine.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks cells in the small intestine in response to the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Symptoms of celiac disease may include diarrhea, gas, fatigue and weight loss.

Overall, the small intestine plays an important role in digestion and absorption of nutrients, and is also the site of development of many diseases of the digestive system. Therefore, it is important to pay due attention to the health of this organ and take measures to protect and strengthen it, including proper nutrition, physical activity and regular medical examinations.