Fistula Intestinal-perineal

An intestinal perineal fistula, or what everyone is accustomed to calling a classic fistula, is a pathological anastomosis connecting the intestinal lumen to the skin cavity.

Reasons for the development of fistula:

Infectious disease mumps. Mechanical damage: trauma, surgery. Formation of a retraction zone: accumulations of fibrous tissue as a result of the inflammatory process. The presence of nodular forms of actinomycosis. The presence of foreign bodies that can provoke the development of a fistula (catheter, tube). Inflammatory processes of the colon. Diverticulitis. Crohn's disease. Acute intestinal obstruction. Bowel cancer. Pancreatitis. Traumatic injuries with the formation of hematomas. Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. Malformations of the intestine. Currently, diagnosing the disease is usually not difficult and can be performed using digital examination, colonoscopy, X-ray and ultrasound methods. In case of acute pathology, urgent surgical intervention is required. In chronic cases, repeated surgery is necessary after eliminating the cause of the disease. Indications for fistula closure depend on its size and severity of the disease, and the general health and age of the patient are also taken into account. Treatment with installation

Gastrointestinal fistula (scar stenosis of the gastrointestinal anastomosis) is a condition where food passes between the jejunum and ileum through scar tissue formed from a previous anastomosis. This can lead to the formation of an intestinal fistula

***Intestinal-intermediate fistula -* ** is a pathological process in which a violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall occurs as a result of infection or injury.

Intestinal fistula - perineal - is an opening in the rectum and perineum. Such a hole is formed during inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity, injuries, and surgical interventions. Sometimes, with this disease, a swelling appears in the patient’s abdomen, and the hernia protrudes during exercise or sneezing.

**What is a fistula?** This is a pathological anastomosis between two anatomical cavities, causing one cavity to be connected to the other. The fistula arose due to the inflammatory process, trauma, and disruption of innervation.

*Causes of fistula.* Pathological openings in tissues - fistulas -

Intestinal fistula is a congenital pathology when, as a result of trauma or surgery, the integrity of the submucosal tissue of the intestine is disrupted, chronic inflammation develops and anastomosis is formed between the intestinal lumen and the skin through a defect in the intestinal wall. This connecting channel can arise both between the loops of the small and large intestine, and at the locations of the appendix. Intestinal fistulas are always localized in an area free from the growth of internal organs. In 25% of cases, an intestinal fistula forms after a terminal colostomy, which ends in about 80-90% of all proctological operations.

Intestinal fistulous tracts can be in the form of direct ones, that is, connecting the intestinal lumen with the external environment, as well as indirect ones, having access to the keloid scar. The consequences of the location of the intestinal fistula can be very different. Cinematography, etc. show a huge variety of options for removing fistulas to the external