Nissl substance, Nissl granules, Chromatophilic substance (Nissi Granules)

Nissl substance, Nissl granules, Chromatophilic substance (Nissi Granules) - an accumulation of a dark-colored substance that represents groups of parallel cisterns of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes rich in RNA.

BASIC SUBSTANCE (ground substance) - the basis, the matrix of connective tissue, which includes various fibers and an amorphous substance consisting of glycosaminoglycans, some of which, by binding to proteins, form proteoglycans.

Substance of Nissl, also known as Nissl granules or substance chromatophilus, is a collection of dark-colored substances found in neurons in various regions of the brain and spinal cord. This unique structural formation is important for understanding the neuroanatomy and function of the nervous system.

Nissl granules were first described by the German pathologist and neuroanatomist Franz Nissl in the late 19th century. He noticed these stainable structures in the cells of the nervous system and suggested naming them after himself. Nissl granules are present in large numbers in neurons and represent groups of parallel cisterns of granular cytoplasmic reticulum and RNA-rich polyribosomes.

The role of Nissl granules in cells of the nervous system is still not fully understood. They are believed to play an important role in protein and RNA synthesis, as evidenced by their high concentrations in actively synthesizing neurons. Nissl granules may also contain various enzymes, neurotransmitters, and other molecules that may be involved in metabolic and signaling processes in neurons.

However, Nissl granules are not present in all types of neurons. They are most characteristic of neurons in the cerebral cortex, especially in layers II and IV, as well as some neurons in the hippocampus and other areas of the brain. Interestingly, Nissl granules are absent from some parts of the nervous system, such as Purkin cells in the cerebellum.

Nissl granules have unique colorability properties. Their ability to produce intense dark colors is due to their high content of RNA and other molecules that react with coloring agents. This allows researchers and neuroanatomists to use Nissl granules in histological studies to identify and map neuronal populations.

Ground substance also plays an important role in the composition of nervous tissue and is associated with Nissl granules. The basic substance is the basis or matrix of connective tissue, which includes various fibers and an amorphous substance consisting of glycosaminoglycans. Some of these glycosaminoglycans bind to proteins to form proteoglycans. Proteoglycans, in turn, can form complexes with Nissl granules, providing their structural support and protection.

Research suggests that Nissl granules may be associated with various physiological and pathological conditions of the nervous system. Changes in the number and structure of Nissl granules can be observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This is due to disturbances in the synthesis of proteins and other molecules that may be involved in pathological processes.

Thus, Nissl substance, Nissl granules or chromatophilic substance are important structural elements of the nervous system. They play a role in the synthesis of proteins, RNA and other molecules, and may also be associated with various physiological and pathological conditions. Further studies of Nissl granules will allow us to better understand their functions and effects on the functioning of the nervous system, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of neurological diseases.

Nissl's substance - an accumulation of dark-colored material, which is a group of parallel cisterns, granular cytoplasm and polyribosomes rich in RNA. This substance is the main component of nervous tissue and plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Nissl granules - These are accumulations of Nissl substance in neurons. They have the shape of grains and are the main component of the cytoplasm of neurons. The granules contain many ribosomes and mitochondria, which provide protein synthesis and energy for the functioning of neurons.

Chromatophilic substance is another name for Nissl's substance. It is also the main component of the nerve fiber and is responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses. The chromatophilic substance consists of proteins and RNA molecules that ensure the transmission of signals between neurons.

All of these substances play an important role in the functioning of the nervous system and help us understand how our brain works.