Nuclei of the Thalamus Posterior [N. N. Posteriores (Thalami), Pna]

The thalamic nuclei (thalamus) are clusters of nerve cells located in the brain. They play an important role in processing sensory information from sense organs such as vision and hearing. The nuclei of the thalamus are divided into two main groups: anterior and posterior.

Anterior thalamic nuclei [N. Anteriores (Thalami), Pa] are located in the anterior part of the thalamus, in an area called the thalamic cortex. They are responsible for processing sensory information and transmitting it to other parts of the brain.

Posterior nuclei of the thalamus [N. Posterior (Thalami)] are located in the posterior part of the thalamus, outside the thalamic cortex. These nuclei play an important role in the formation of the subcortical centers of vision and hearing, as well as in the transmission of information between different parts of the brain.

The anterior and posterior nuclei of the thalamus are interconnected through a system of nerve fibers called thalamocortical tracts. This pathway carries information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex, where it is processed and interpreted.

The study of thalamic nuclei is important for understanding the mechanisms of sensory information processing in the brain and can be useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with impaired sensory functions.

The central nuclei of the thalamus are a small section of the thalamic nucleus, located on both sides of the infundibulum. The oblong groove serves as a partition for the interpyramidal nuclei. Its surface is formed by the nuclei of motor neurons of the extrapyramidal system: the upper part is the Darkshevich nucleus, the lower part is the intralenticular and medial partial nuclei, the posterior part is the lateral partial nucleus and the abducens nucleus. But their role in controlling human locomotion is more complex and multifaceted than simply generating complex movements. They provide movement accompaniment with automatic, unconscious movements and their adjustment based on consciousness. The central nuclei are united in a pyramidal way with the caudate nucleus and the substantia nigra, from where visual and auditory impulses are transmitted to the cortex. They send impulses to the cerebellum, reticular formation of the cortex and other motor nuclei through the reticulothalamic terminothalamic pathway. Together with them, decisions are made about the coordination of motor acts - the gnostic functions of the coordinating neural system.

The nuclei of the thalamus are located in the posterior lobe. This part is called the posterior thalamus (Latin: Thalamus posterior). They form the subcortical center of hearing and vision. Inside the posterior thalamus there are also the epithalamus, metathalamus, subthalamus and subcolumnar area. The cells of the posterior thalamus are vertical. During evolution, differentiation of cell processes - spines - occurred. The function of the nuclei is somatic, due to associative connections with others