Jaundice Extrahepatic

Extrahepatic jaundice (icterus extrahepaticus) is an icteric discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a violation of the outflow of bile from the liver. The cause is mechanical obstruction (blockage) of the bile ducts outside the liver, hence the name “extrahepatic.”

Synonyms for extrahepatic jaundice are anghepatic jaundice and extrahepatic jaundice.

Obstruction of the bile ducts can occur for various reasons: tumors, stones in the biliary tract, scar strictures, developmental abnormalities, etc. As a result, the normal outflow of bile is disrupted, it stagnates and accumulates in the blood, which leads to yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes.

Diagnosis of extrahepatic jaundice is based on analysis of the clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental research methods. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of the obstruction, either surgically or with medication. With timely diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is usually favorable.

Jaundice Extrahepatic: Understanding and Causes

Extrahepatic jaundice, also known as extrahepatic icterus or anhepatic jaundice, is a medical condition in which the skin, mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes take on a yellow hue. This is different from jaundice caused by liver problems (jaundice hepatica) and occurs as a result of obstruction of the bile ducts outside the liver.

Extrahepatic jaundice can be caused by various reasons that impede the normal flow of bile from the liver to the intestines. This obstruction may occur due to mechanical blockage, inflammation or narrowing of the biliary tract. Some of the most common causes of extrahepatic jaundice include:

1. Gallstones: The formation of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts can block the normal flow of bile.

2. Tumors: Cancer of the pancreas, gallbladder, or bile ducts can cause narrowing or blockage of the bile ducts.

3. Inflammation of the bile ducts: Inflammation of the bile ducts, such as cholangitis, can lead to narrowing or blockage of the bile ducts.

4. Congenital abnormalities: Some people may have congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract, which can lead to extrahepatic jaundice.

5. Trauma: Traumatic injury to the bile ducts or liver can cause obstruction of the normal flow of bile.

Symptoms of extrahepatic jaundice may vary depending on the cause and extent of bile duct blockage. However, the most common symptoms are:

1. Yellow tint to the skin, mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes.
2. Dark urine.
3. Discolored or light brown stool.
4. Loss of appetite and weight loss.
5. Fatigue and weakness.

The diagnosis of extrahepatic jaundice includes a physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound, and, in some cases, endoscopy procedures to visualize the biliary tract.

Treatment of extrahepatic jaundice depends on the cause and can range from conservative methods to surgery. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the tumor, widen the narrowed area, or remove stones from the gallbladder or ducts. Restoring normal bile flow is the main goal of treatment.

Complications of extrahepatic jaundice may include gallbladder inflammation or pancreatitis if the bile duct blockage is not cleared. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor promptly if symptoms of jaundice appear and receive appropriate treatment.

Extrahepatic jaundice is a serious medical condition that requires professional intervention. Timely diagnosis and treatment will help prevent complications and improve the patient's prognosis.

In conclusion, extrahepatic jaundice, or extrahepatic icterus, occurs due to obstruction of the bile ducts outside the liver. Various causes such as gallstones, tumors or inflammation may be responsible for the occurrence of this condition. Early consultation with a doctor and proper treatment play an important role in eliminating the blockage and restoring normal bile flow.