Amino acid

Amino acid: basic properties and role in the life of organisms

Amino acids are important organic compounds that play an important role in the life of all organisms on Earth. They are the basic building blocks of proteins, which are essential for many vital functions such as metabolism, growth, development and regulation of physiological processes.

Amino acids contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), which are bonded to the same carbon, called the α-carbon. They also contain a side chain that is different for each amino acid and gives it its unique properties.

There are 20 different types of amino acids, of which 9 are essential, meaning the body cannot synthesize them on its own and must obtain them from food. Essential amino acids include leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and histidine (for children).

Amino acids can join together to form peptide chains, which in turn can form proteins. Peptide bonds are formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

Proteins perform many different functions in the body. They are structural components of cells and tissues, participate in the transport of oxygen and other substances, provide protection against diseases and infections, and also regulate physiological processes such as digestion, immunity and hormonal balance.

Some amino acids can also be used as a source of energy. When the body needs extra energy, amino acids can be broken down and used as a source of glucose or other energy molecules.

In general, amino acids are essential components of life on Earth. They provide essential building blocks for proteins and perform many other functions essential to the life of organisms. A lack of certain amino acids can lead to various diseases, so it is important to get enough amino acids from food.