Astrocytes (from the Greek astron - star, cellula - cell) are glial cells that make up the bulk of the brain and other tissues of the central nervous system. All types of glial cells except oligodendrocytes are called astrocytes.
Astrocytes perform many functions, including:
- Providing trophism (nutrition) for neurons.
- Participation in the regulation of excitation and inhibition processes.
- Regulation of glucose and ion levels.
- Participation in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
- Participation in the formation of synapses.
- Regulation of protein synthesis.
- Regulation of metabolism.
- Regulation of immunity.
- Participation in reparative processes.
- Participation in homeostasis.
Astrocyte Fibrous is a type of astrocyte that is characterized by the presence of a large number of processes that form a dense network resembling fibrous tissue.
Fibrous astrocytes are an important part of the brain structure, as they are involved in the regulation of many processes associated with brain function, such as signaling between neurons, regulating blood glucose levels and ensuring trophism of neurons. However, in some diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or brain injury, the number of fibrous astrocytes may increase, which can lead to various complications such as memory and cognitive decline.