Biotransformation of a Drug Substance

Introduction to the topic

Biotransformation of medicinal substances is a key process in their action on the human body. During the use of drugs, pharmaceutical molecules pass through many metabolic processes - first with the help of enzymes within the body, and then with the participation of other organs and systems.

Relevance of the topic

BTLV is an important area of ​​research, as many factors (age, gender, genetics, etc.) can influence the speed and efficiency of the process. In addition, we are increasingly understanding some of the basic principles of biotransformation, but many challenges associated with this process remain for more effective drugs.

What is biotransformation?

The word biotransformation describes the transformation of one molecule into another molecule in the body. The process occurs under the action of enzymes and may be accompanied by excretion from the body or the entry of another drug into the process.

What processes does biotransformation include?

Drug biotransformation involves the conversion of a drug molecule (eg, angiotensin II receptor blocker) into other forms that are usually less active but may have metabolites with higher bioavailability or activity. Some drugs may be metabolized by the liver or kidneys, while others may be altered by metabolism in other tissues.

When do these metamorphoses occur?

The initial stage of BTLV occurs in the cells of the small intestinal mucosa, where substance molecules are most often metabolized by hydroxylation or oxidation. These reactions involve changing the structure of the molecule or forming by-products. Subsequent stages of metabolism can occur in the liver, kidneys and other tissues.

Side effects of BITL

Among the most common side effects of BITL are disorders of the biliary system, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, increased blood pressure and associated worsening of symptoms in patients with hypertension.

Environmental factors

Some environmental factors can influence BITL processes: 1. pH; 2. temperature, wind, rain, fog. 3. Chemicals used in medicines, food additives and fertilizers; 4. Seasons, etc.