Blood-articular Barrier

The blood-articular barrier is a mechanism that prevents infectious agents from entering the joint cavity. It consists of several layers: the blood-brain barrier, endothelium, synovium, cartilage and connective tissue.

The blood-brain barrier is a barrier between the blood and the brain. It protects the brain from infections and toxins that can enter through the blood. The endothelium is a layer of cells that lines blood vessels. The synovium is the inner layer of the joint capsule that covers cartilage and connective tissue. Cartilage and connective tissue are the main components of the joint and provide its mobility.

When a joint becomes infected, immune cells migrate from the bloodstream into the joint and begin to fight the infectious agent. However, to reach the infectious agent, immune cells need to cross the blood-articular barrier. This may take several days or weeks, depending on the severity of the infection and the strength of the immune system.

If the infection is not eliminated during this time, it can spread to other organs and systems of the body. Therefore, it is important to treat joint infections as soon as possible to prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body.

Blood-articular barrier.

The hematoarticular space is the anatomical and physiological boundary between blood and connective tissue at the junction of bones and intermuscular septa. In this space, hematocalcin is formed, which, together with other biological substances, maintains optimal homeostasis of the joint.

Arterioles, synovial vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve endings form a large circulatory system. Venous vessels serve to remove blood containing waste products from surrounding tissues and muscles. Inflammatory processes can disrupt the blood supply to the joint, which manifests itself in clinical symptoms. Intermuscular septa are cylindrical structures made of collagen fibers that are in a state of embryonic maturation, that is, in the form of a gel. They fit tightly to the atom of adjacent tissues, providing low permeability.

This interaction is called the hemoarticular system. The presence of anatomical and physiological mechanisms for separating blood and its tissue components ensures various phases of the joint life cycle: morphogenesis and regeneration. During the stages of ontogenesis, the role of the hematoarticular space is to maintain placental physiology, controlling the passage of anesthetics and proteins through the vasculature into the joint. The hematoarticular space anatomically separates the joint fluid from the maternal blood. The concentration of glucose and other useful substances in this fluid is higher than in the mother’s blood,