Brachyspondylia

Brachyspondyly is a congenital anomaly of the spine, characterized by shortening of one of the articular processes of any of the vertebrae (most often the thoracic, less often the lumbar). Another common nosological form of paramedical syndrome is traumatic dysmorphia - the acquisition of a disabling physical configuration of the body as a result of sports or domestic injuries before the age of twenty-one. In the vast majority of patients representing the third group, traumatic dysmorphoplasia ends with the normal restoration of the previous normal constitution. Only a few have to deal with severe

Brachiospondyly is a congenital disorder of the development of the spine. **Description of the disease**

*Brachispondyly [acute and chronic]* is a congenital anomaly of the spine, characterized by a wedge-shaped narrowing of the vertebral bodies, a decrease in their height relative to their width. In 80% of cases it is accompanied by kyphotic deformity of the spine.

According to the modern classification according to P.E. Naumova (2007), Brachyspondia are divided into several main types:

1. Isolated acute - Normal variant. The height of the vertebrae is not impaired, the physiological curves are preserved. 2. Acute bone - The bones that form the joint between the vertebrae are somewhat flattened, there are deformities like pseudarthrosis, some articular spaces are widened, the sign may be absent. Associated curvatures of the spine (kyphosis, scoliosis) of varying degrees of severity, usually mildly expressed. The concept of the lumbar spine is often added to the main diagnosis. An important sign is deformation of the sternum in the form of “growth in steps” in combination with a number of tubercles with small pits at the junction of the ribs with the sternum, a similar thing is possible with osteoschism. 3. Proximal chronic - Differs from the acute version in the type of increase in vertebral height: it is absent; instead the height decreases. The joint between adjacent vertebrae is deformed, partially or completely non-functioning. There is a high probability of adhesions with intervertebral discs. Combined degeneration of the spine to severe forms. 4. Distal - The producer is the spinal cord. The apices of the vertebral arches are in a state of false spondylolysis, i.e. touch each other. The number of segments by the age of 20 decreases while maintaining the clinic (from 6 to 3). 5. Chronic bony - There are 3 stages: - I - the vertebrae are rotated in an extension position in the ratio: cervical spine > lumbar spine (usually up to three vertebrae). Massive craniosacral joints with pleonasia. The posterior notches are strongly deviated; synaptoid grooves are almost not marked; the height of the vertebral bodies and the development of the pedicles are sharply reduced. The anterior wall of the cervical vertebral bodies is fragmentarily damaged. Increased load on the cervical spine leads to the appearance of a reflex syndrome with the appearance of pain in the chest, which can be mistaken for diseases of the cardiovascular system. To eliminate the syndrome, immobilization in the Shants collar is recommended; - II - very large deformations of the spine are distinguished. Complete immobilization occurs. Patients move around in a wheelchair without leaving home (their only purpose in life is self-care); - III - a more blurred picture is typical. A subcompensatory state develops when the functions of the spine and internal organs are preserved. Conditioned motor and tendon reflexes

Brachyspondyly, or Short Spine, is a condition in which one or more lumbar vertebrae extend forward or backward beyond the sacrum. This is a rare hereditary disease that develops due to a deficiency of proteins in the connective tissue that forms the intervertebral discs. To bring the shape of the spine into line with anatomical norms, early surgical intervention is required. Clinically, this difference from the “normal” type is expressed in the deformation of the last five cervical and entire thoracic spine. How does poor posture manifest itself when a person has a “short” spine? Patients with this diagnosis are characterized by the presence of several clinical symptoms. However, in the early stages of pathology, based on their severity, it is extremely difficult for doctors to make a correct diagnosis. **Among the main manifestations of poor posture are the following:**

the formation of abnormal curvature of the spine, including the thoracic region, as well as excessive flexibility of the joints; the formation of kyphosis of the thoracic and lumbar region, which is accompanied by the formation of a bulge in the back; the formation of the so-called saber kyphosis - pathological curvature of the thoracic region; the presence of asymmetry of the chest when sighing; the appearance of a “duck” or “sloping” posture and stoop; Sometimes scoliosis of the costal and cervical spine develops. How is pathology treated, how does pathology differ from spinal curvature? Treatment of short vertebrae today is carried out exclusively surgically. What is dangerous about dysfunction of the last pair of vertebrae? Firstly, it provokes complete decompensation of the musculoskeletal system and provokes the development of a significant part of concomitant diseases. In particular, the development of vertebral displacement leads to an increase in body weight, the formation of bone growths in the cervical region, the development of sarcoidosis, and respiratory failure. Secondly, such changes often cause disability. Surgical treatment in this case becomes the only way to get rid of defects in the shape of the spine due to underdevelopment. If the vertebrae are underdeveloped, surgery allows you to restore the normal physiological shape of the patient’s back. Treatment of short lumbar spine is a complex process that requires highly qualified and experienced physicians. A comprehensive examination of the patient is required to establish a diagnosis and prescribe the most effective surgical intervention. The main goal of the operation is to ensure a normal relationship between the endplates and the intervertebral disc, eliminate its displacement, that is, return it to normal size.

The human spine contains unusual and functional structures such as the vertebrae, short elements that connect the ribs and the skull. The dorsal and cervical vertebrae have long shafts, which makes them more mobile and allows people to perform various movements - move their arms and head.

However, there are also shorter vertebrae called brachiospondyllia, which are usually found in the arms and legs. They serve to ensure stability of the limbs under load, maintain their shape and mobility. Brachys-pondyllia does not make the arms and legs more powerful, but helps strengthen them due to its shape.

Brachiopsyllies have different shapes, sizes and locations depending on the specific species (eg human). They are responsible for various functions that help make the body mobile.

Overall, vertebrae are important for supporting our body and enhancing muscle strength. Thanks to Brachos-Piondyllia we can develop muscles and also strengthen the joints of the arms and legs without having to increase their size. This is especially important for people involved in sports or physical activity - during such