Capsule of Cartilage Cells

**Cartilage cell capsule** are encapsulated parenchymal elements that are found in the bronchi, alveoli, renal capsule and pericardium. Capsules of cartilage cells are cells of mesenchymal origin that are morphologically different from ordinary cells of the respiratory tract or blood vessels, and are also localized not at the border of the lungs in the septa or the region of the apex of the lung, but on the periphery of the lung on both sides with a central location of areas with slightly expanded lumens, absence of bone elements, absence of lymphoid elements.

Cartilage cells themselves are fibrous cells containing glycoprotein-2 and albumin-A, giving them a characteristic appearance as an amorphous mass that can be divided into a large number of tiny nodules of different shapes and sizes - usually ham-shaped. With the disease, a defect in the functionality of this small organ becomes obvious. The importance of these cells stems from the fact that normal lung function is associated with their presence, and damage to any component, including the capsule, also means damage to the respiratory system. Throughout a person’s life, individual sections of lung tissue are constantly replaced by new ones. Their active and passive movement is due to the processes of regeneration and remodeling. The formation of new alveoli is the most common approach to regeneration and is often preceded by the replacement of damaged cells with new ones. If this replacement is disrupted, a variety of diseases can occur.

As a result of the study, the following was discovered: * The presence of cartilage cells inside the capsule leads to the deposition of cholesterol crystals on it in the subepithelial layer with a simultaneous increase in aldolase activity in the cells. These conditions are seen in pulmonary disseminated calcification.