Craniotomy (Craniototu)

Craniotomy

Craniotomy (from the Greek words cranion - skull and tome - cut) is a surgical operation to remove part of the bones of the skull.

Craniotomy is performed for several reasons:

1. For access to the brain and its membranes for the purpose of research, biopsy or surgical treatment (removal of a tumor, hematoma, etc.).

2. To reduce intracranial pressure in conditions such as cerebral edema/swelling, intracranial hemorrhage. Relieving pressure is important to prevent compression and damage to the brain.

3. In difficult labor cases, a fetal craniotomy may be performed to facilitate passage through the birth canal.

To perform the operation, a special surgical instrument is used - a trephine (craniotome). After craniotomy, restoration of the skull bones is not performed. The trepanation site is covered with a special plate or left open under the skin.

Craniotomy is one of the main neurosurgical operations that allows access to the brain with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. If the technique and rules of asepsis are followed, the risk of complications is low.

1. Craniotomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing part of the skull to achieve specific goals. It can be used to treat various brain diseases such as tumors, hydrocephalus, infections and others.

2. Craniotomy can be performed on both living and cadaveric patients. In the first case, the operation is performed to diagnose and treat brain diseases, and in the second, to facilitate childbirth in pregnant women.

3. To perform a craniotomy, special instruments are used - craniotomy saws. They allow you to carefully and precisely remove part of the skull without damaging surrounding tissue.

4. Various complications can occur after a craniotomy, such as bleeding, infection, and brain damage. Therefore, it is important to perform the operation only by experienced surgeons and monitor the patient’s condition after the operation.

Trepanation or craniotomy

Craniotomy (Greek, cranium - skull, tome - cut, dissection) is the making of incisions, dissections or cracking of the skull for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Typically, surgical intervention is performed using special instruments - **craniotome** (hollow metal chisel, chopper). The upper surface of the chisel ends with a peak and has a semicircular cross-section. This device creates small holes - lateral, occipital, temporal, in the crown of the head, as well as in the bone of the base of the skull and the posterior edge of the large wing of the sphenoid bone. The craniotome works on the principle of a chisel. Devices that help manipulate skulls include special crowbars (schiffs). In some models, the tips of the tenons are pointed, in others, only their ends have the appearance of pins; the third group of instruments do not have a similar appearance either at the ends or along their entire length.

**Cranial craniotopy** is used in neurosurgery, mainly ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Most often, craniotomes are used during neurosurgical operations to solve diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Maxillofacial craniotopics is used in maxillofacial and orthognathic surgeries. Also, using craniotome instruments, fragments are removed from the wound, tissue is resected, the underlying membrane is peeled off, and curettage is performed. Sharp metal flakes are also used to dissect the bridges of various formations, expand the outlet openings of the sinuses on the face, resection of bones, and surgical neurological approaches. For example, using a craniotorm, the contents of the paranasal sinuses are examined during ethmoid bone surgery (ethmoidectomy). Thanks to this, the cribriform plate is opened for maximum visualization of the tissues on the nose and frontal part of the temporal surface. Manipulation