Goiter Endemic

Endemic goiter is a disease of residents of certain geographical areas with iodine deficiency in the environment, characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland. This is the most common, but not the only manifestation of iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and cretinism; in children it manifests itself as endemic goiter, impaired mental and physical development, hypothyroidism, in adults - diseases of the thyroid gland, drowsiness, decreased mental and physical performance, infertility, obesity, persistent constipation, cardiac dysfunction, etc.

Considering the significant role of iodine deficiency, in recent years it has been proposed to replace the term “goiter” with the concept of “iodine deficiency diseases”.

Etiology and pathogenesis. A role is played by the lack of iodine in soil, water, food products, and the consumption of foods containing thyreostatic substances (some varieties of cabbage, turnips, rutabaga, turnips), leading to a compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland. Enlargement of the thyroid gland, not caused by insufficient iodine content, is a sign of sporadic goiter (genetic disorders of intrathyroidal iodine metabolism and hormone biosynthesis).

Symptoms There are diffuse, nodular and mixed forms. Thyroid function may be normal, decreased or increased. The most typical development is hypothyroidism. If the size is significant, there are symptoms of compression of the neck organs, respiratory distress, dysphagia, and hoarseness. With a retrosternal location - symptoms of compression of the bronchi, superior vena cava, and esophagus.

Diagnostics includes ultrasound, radioisotope scanning, determination of thyroid hormones.

Treatment: iodine preparations, for hypothyroidism - thyroid hormones. In case of nodular form, compression of organs - surgical treatment.

Prevention: enrichment of foods with iodine, additional intake of iodine preparations by risk groups.

Edenic goiter ``` Description of the disease.

Endemic goiter is an autosomal recessive disease in which an increase in the size of the thyroid gland develops. The disease is not directly related to iodine deficiency, but depends on associated factors such as genetic predispositions, diet, vitamin D levels, the presence of other autoimmune diseases and even the season. Women get sick more often, 4-6 times more often than men. In the human body, the thyroid gland without signs of pathological enlargement is considered normal. Edenic goiter has several