Choroiditis Sarcoid

In 2014, a team of scientists discovered between ten and 35 cases of a disease called sarcoid-type chorioitis in Uganda.

**Chorioiditis** is a tumor in the brain that affects the optic nerve, leading to blurred vision, pain and other problems. - Treatment for choroiditis may involve a variety of methods, including surgery and radiation therapy. In some cases, however

Choroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the choroid that can be caused by a variety of causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and injury. One of the rarest forms of choroiditis is sarcoid chorioretinitis, which is characterized by inflammatory changes in the choroidal tissue, which may be accompanied by swelling and redness of the retina.

Sarcoid choroiditis is a rare type of infectious process. The lesion develops in almost all layers of the eye. The characteristic place of manifestation of the disease always remains the orbit, above the iris. Gland cells are located on all retinal vessels in bundles or singly. Pinpoint petechiae form near the vessels, but there is no hemorrhage.

Sarcoid-like changes occur due to infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells or the proliferation of new blood vessels growing into the tissue of the organ of vision. When inflammation occurs, microabscesses begin to spread throughout the stroma. They form near the retinal stripes, at the site of rejected cells of the photoreceptor apparatus. Thus, sarcoid lesions extend beyond the vessels. The membrane containing the pigment of the optic nerve and retina grows, the choroid recedes outward, inward and between the vessels. The process affects all structures of the eyeball. These features are characteristic of the sarcoid type of choroiditis. The basis of its formation is the central nervous system. Simultaneously with the process of inflammation in the affected organ of vision, the proliferation of blood capillaries begins. White dots appear in the affected area, resembling the shape of coffee beans. A yellowish hyperemia forms around the lesion. In rare cases, calcifications enter the bloodstream from the eye cavities. When the artery supplying the optic nerve is damaged, tissue ischemia begins. It is accompanied by a violation of trophism in the medial part of the eyeball. This leads to the fact that the pathological process is limited only to the area of ​​the retina. The disease in the first stages usually does not cause any symptoms, and if they are present, it is not acute. Signs of choroiditis become noticeable later, when the disease has spread over a large area. The choroidal form of sarcoidogenesis can involve the lens tissue, the orbit, the vitreous body, and the ligamentous apparatus of the orbit. In patients, the choroid often appears in both eyes at the same time. Depending on the degree of damage, the disease is divided into three stages: mild (dry form) - the size of sarcoid spots reaches several millimeters; medium (exudative) – accumulations of exudate are formed between the affected tissues; severe (fibrous) - the size of the narrowing areas reaches several centimeters, they completely lose their mobility. Each type of lesion can lead to loss of vision, and the more advanced the condition, the more dangerous the outcome. Most often, the cause of sarcoid is disturbances in the functional activity of systems such as lymphatic and vascular. From the fundus of the eye, the infection spreads to the iris and iris area.