Chromatography

Chromatography is a method of separating the components of a mixture using selective adsorption. This method is widely used in many fields of science and industry, including medicine, food industry, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

Two main chromatography techniques that are widely used in medicine, for example to separate mixtures of amino acids, are paper chromatography and column chromatography.

Chromatography on paper is as follows. The mixture to be separated is placed on a piece of filter paper. As the solvent passes through the paper, the remaining components are adsorbed to varying degrees and then begin to move along the paper at different speeds. The different components of the mixture move different distances on the paper, and they can be separated based on their speed of movement and the distance traveled across the paper.

In column chromatography, the components of a mixture are separated along the length of a column containing crushed adsorbent, such as silica or alumina. The mixture passes through the column, and the components of the mixture are adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent to varying degrees. Components can be separated based on their speed of movement through the column and their adsorption properties.

Chromatography is also used in other forms, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, which differ from paper chromatography and column chromatography in the principle of separation of the components of the mixture and use different types of adsorbents and solvents.

Chromatography is a powerful and widely used method for separating the components of a mixture, which produces pure and highly purified products for many industrial and scientific applications.

Chromatography Methods for separating components in a mixture use selective adsorption. In medicine, such methods are used to separate a mixture of amino acids. One of the methods used is chromatography using paper, in which substances and their components from various parts of the solution are transferred and deposited on paper. Chemicals move relative to each other. The process can be repeated many times, increasing the volume of the membrane. Then, on a piece of paper, the locations for each component are marked. The adsorption filter is known as

Chromatography is a method of separating mixtures into individual constituent elements, which occurs due to selective adsorption. This method is actively used in various fields, including medicine. One of the most famous types of chromatography is paper chromatography.

The paper chromatography method involves the following steps:

1. The components of the mixture are placed on a special paper carrier, such as filter paper or electrophoresis paper. Typically, filtered papers can have varying degrees of permeability, which allows different components to be mixed during use without the presence of a binder.

2. Then the paper strip is placed in a glass cuvette filled with a mixture of components: eluent - a special solvent suitable for the specific substance of the mixture being studied.

3. The eluent flows through the paper strip, mixing the molecules of the test substance and the eluent. The eluent on a paper strip can be developed with reagents or special dyes. This allows each component of the mixture (amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) to be identified in situ.

There are several other types of chromatographic separation of substances. For example, fractional column chromatography for separating substances into components based on molecular weight, or solid-phase column chromatography, which is used to purify DNA and protein samples from impurities.