Isoenzyme

Isoenzyme is an isoform of an enzyme that differs from other isoforms in its amino acid sequence. Isoenzymes are usually found intracellularly and perform specific functions in the body.

Isoenzymes can have different catalytic activities, reaction rates, and specificities with respect to their substrates and inhibitors. These differences may occur due to mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme or due to alternative splicing of the mRNA.

One example of an isoenzyme is the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme, which can be found in the blood of humans and other animals. Humans have two lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, LDH-A and LDH-B, which have different catalytic activities depending on the tissue in which they are found. For example, the isoenzyme LDH-A predominates in the heart muscle, and LDH-B in the liver.

Isoenzymes can also be used as markers for disease diagnosis. For example, an increase in the level of the CK-MB isoenzyme in the blood indicates damage to the heart muscle, which may be a sign of myocardial infarction.

In general, isoenzymes play an important role in the metabolism and biochemical processes of the body. Studying isoenzymes can help improve our understanding of the biochemical processes occurring in the body and develop new methods for diagnosing and treating diseases.

Isoenzymes are a group of enzymes that are active protein molecules that have a number of specific properties, including an increased rate of reaction. They are actively used in industry, medicine and scientific research. Isoenzyme is a special form of enzyme that has higher catalytic activity. For example, for the amylase isoenzyme, the activity of the molecule is hundreds of times higher compared to inactive enzymes or substrates. In this article we will look at the basic properties of isoenzymes and their use in various areas of human activity.

1. Introduction to Isoenzyme

Isoenzymes are proteins that differ from other enzymes by the presence of several active sites located in their sequence with a certain geometric regularity. Each site catalyzes one unique reaction from a set of different reactions carried out by a given enzyme, but each isoenzyme may itself have high catalytic potential. A significant distribution of such compounds occurs in nature in the form of genetic mutations of most protein families, mainly related to the reactive centers of ribosomal RNA polymerases (in yeast), microbiological penicillin (E. coli), urease (urea molecule) and others.

2. Properties of isoenzymes

Isoenzymes are special forms of the same enzyme. Isoenzymes have different arrangements of functional groups, but retain high