Jaundice

Jaundice is a change in the normal color of the skin and sclera due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the tissues in an amount of more than 21 mmol/l. Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, jaundice is divided into hemolytic (suprahepatic) jaundice, hepatic (parenchymal) jaundice, mechanical jaundice, and jaundice associated with a defect in enzyme systems.

What's happening?

Hemolytic jaundice occurs when there is massive destruction of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin into the blood. Hemolytic jaundice occurs in diseases such as hemolytic anemia, liver cirrhosis, septic endocarditis, and also in cases of poisoning. As a result, such a large amount of unbound bilirubin is formed in the blood that the liver cannot process it. The skin becomes lemon-yellow in color, the size of the liver and spleen is normal or slightly enlarged. Urine is dark, feces are dark brown.

Hepatic jaundice occurs when liver cells are damaged (hepatitis, cirrhosis, poisoning with arsenic and phosphorus compounds), as a result of which their ability to bind bilirubin is reduced. The skin acquires a yellowish-green tint and slight itching occurs. On palpation, the liver is enlarged and painful. An increase in unbound bilirubin is determined in the blood, and at the same time an increase in the level of aminotransferases and aldolases is determined.

Obstructive jaundice develops with partial or complete blockage of the bile ducts and disruption of the outflow of bile. The causes of jaundice may be an abnormal development of the biliary tract, blockage of the ducts by roundworms, stones, or their compression by a cyst or tumor. This type of jaundice is characterized by a sallow skin color and intense itching. The patient often complains of cramping pain in the right hypochondrium. Upon palpation, an enlarged gallbladder is determined. Feces become colorless, urine becomes the color of beer. An increase in the concentration of bound bilirubin is determined in the blood.

Treatment of jaundice consists of eliminating the cause that caused it.

Jaundice is a serious condition that can lead to serious health consequences. Here are some tips to help prevent jaundice and improve your health.

What is jaundice? Jaundice is a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes become yellow due to increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is one of the