White blood cells are immune cells that protect the body from infections and diseases. Every day, about 15 billion leukocytes circulate in the human blood. When the body faces a threat, white blood cells rush to the affected area and protect it.
But how does this happen? When the body's immune system detects pathogens, it sends white blood cells into the bloodstream, where they are separated from the general bloodstream and fight infection. Activated white blood cells secrete their toxic enzymes, including a group of organic acids called taxanes, and inflammatory mediators. They promote the immune system's response and kill bacteria or destroy viruses. As harmful microorganisms are eliminated, white blood cells are destroyed and their remains are eliminated from the body.
White blood cells are divided into several types, each of which has its own purpose in fighting the disease. Monocytes and macrophages engulf and process microorganisms, neutrophils attack and kill bacteria and viruses, but also respond to inflammatory chemical signals from tissues by learning and recognizing harmful compounds, ultimately engulfing and disposing of damaged cells in the process.
Most often, white blood cells circulate in the blood in an immature state because it is not very beneficial for the body to be too large. But if the body becomes sick or damaged, the white blood cells are exposed to a stimulating and growth-promoting molecular signaling molecule called interleukin 6 and interleukin IL-8. This process results in leukocytosis, in which the number of white blood cells in the blood increases, allowing the immune system to effectively fight infection or disease.
However, it happens that leukocytes can enter the body in limited quantities. Localized leukocytes are a form of leukocytosis that occurs when white blood cells divide at a higher rate in a particular area of the body than in the rest of the body, causing a local concentration of white blood cells but not increasing the total number of white blood cells in the body.
Insufficient leukocytosis limited may occur in some patients and have serious consequences. Depending on the location or area where white blood flow is in excess, the body's increased sensitivity can lead to various diseases such as Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that affects the lining of the intestines. If a local concentration of white cells is in the colon, ulcerative colitis may develop. If white blood formations are tight on the skin, psoriasis may begin.
In diseases such as Kawasaki disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis, local accumulations of white blood cells in an organ or joints cause attack of that organ and show their primary symptoms in that area. Other conditions include leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Limitation of leukocytosis is used to treat diseases associated