Ninety one

Toxonema is a single-celled organism that lives in soil and water. It has a characteristic round shape, but instead of cytoplasm it has an internal cellular skeleton - a spindle. This is necessary to withstand the strong pushing and pulling forces from water and soil. In this regard, numerous transverse partitions are formed in the cell, filled with thin protein filaments, which give it a protein skeleton.

In addition to the skeleton, toxonemes have flagella, thanks to which they can move. The flagella are located throughout the cell in a radial direction and are associated with well-developed stirnae - tubes protruding from the cell. Styrnes play an important role in the metabolism of toxonemes. Not a single complex metabolism occurring in toxonemes can do without the consumption of free water. When Toxonema absorbs water, it enters the stirnae, where it is lost more or less quickly. At the same time, evaporating water enters the cell from the sternae and is used for metabolic needs. If the toxonema is in dry soil, then very little water will enter the cell, which will lead to its gradual drying out.