Pachionian Granulations

Pachyonic granules are expanded tissue localized at the entrance to the canals of the optic chiasmata. In Latin it is described as the tractus opticus, which continues in the pachyonic granulations in the cables of the optic thalamus. Pachyoneomas are neuroectodermal tumors characterized by the proliferation of small round bodies called pachyons or granulomas. Pachyoniomas can develop at any age, but the most common cases are in the prepubertal and postpubertal periods. They tend to grow primarily in orbit. This is a diffuse increase in the affected orbit of varying severity.

Pachyonyomas are tumors of the optic nerve, retina and disc. The greatest danger of a tumor, in the event of a sudden increase in intraocular pressure due to a tumor, increases in the presence of hemorrhage in the optic nerve head. At the site of the lesion, retinal edema gradually spreads to the disc, after which a diffuse band of edema reaches the optic nerve and leads to thickening of the latter. Occlusion of the optic nerve ischemia type does not lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, swelling of the optic disc during hemorrhage suddenly turns into a secondary hemorrhage, and it gives threatening symptoms - a sudden significant drop in vision; the occurrence of sharp and extended homonymous hemianopia; suddenly developing secondary loss of fields in the opposite eye. Surgery is complete removal of the optic nerve tumor in the anterior chamber.

**Manifestations of pachyonyomas** * subjective (no complaints from the patient) - pathognomic sialoadenopathy (wet eye); * objective - the presence of tissue protruding into the anterior chamber or freely located in the anterior part of the orbit; * additional: changes in the cornea, rad